Saturday, April 9, 2005
Tuesday, April 5, 2005
Starting An Reit In Canada
A comment that deserves Post
Manco _Capacity My partner wrote a commentary on the Post "The World Weigh Less" is too good to be hidden in the shadow of a comment. Here I go.
"The Death of Papa" Excellent topic to pursue, congratulations friend mío.Karol Wojtyla, has ceased to exist, AMEN! It happened when the famous scandal that almost reveals the truth of the church, speak when Pope John Paul I (Albino Luciani) ordered an investigation of the origins of property and funds of Banco Ambrosiano, taken by surprise many that much of this was for "donations" of Fascist government of Mussolini, Hitler and others in the "user fee" on arms sales, which by the way, the Vatican is accionista.Además, other funds are Contraceptive business reason, that both criticize and condemn. Albino Luciani, said in an encyclical that the ideology expressed by the communists (Anarchists, Marxists) is the ideology of Christ and the church, ignoring the methods of violence and atheism (which incidentally is a representative Charrúa Anarchist perfect). Before All this, and following the conspiracy theory embodied in a book, John Paul I "the smiling Pope" died in a strange way to 33 days of papado.Explicable is that the historical moment he lived, the conditions for development of progressive and revolutionary movement within the church (the so-called liberation theology), the reality of the world at that time (early 80's, consolidation of the Cuban revolution, with Sandinista leaders Victoria Christians, the social explosion in El Salvador and Colombia with the same type of features etc). On top of this, the division of world economic blocs and the state of the USSR on Poland. This results as for "beating" this wave that impacted on the "parishioners" progressives needed an actor that plays the side of the countries that had been against the revoluciones.Y of this man was born there, after the heinous murder of his predecessor takes the reins of one of the most powerful states on earth, being smaller than my country, Panama, and that is very pequeño.Esta is a small historical review of John Paul II, who took party tacitly and doctrinal obscurantism and a retrograde and reactionary ideology, that is their stance towards the liberation movements. Highly individualized ways had positions (personal) such as the rejection of the imperialist blockade against Cuba, the way in which labels neoliberalism as "the new capitalism Wild", the historic meeting with Pinochet who refused to shake his hand because as said "I do not give a hand to Dictators "stance criticized by our journalist friends, as with Fidel Castro, had close relations amistad.Lo main business is that the church meet its role for which she was placed from the beginning, when the world was in a boiling sided exchange reaction, this being so Karol Wojtyla was just a tab more to alienate the people and keeping in obedience to the system. Also served with the forces against the Soviet bloc that, despite its features was a counter (even being told that one of nomenklatura) to Imperialism Yanki.Por the historical moment was merely the pawn of Capital and War Cold.
Manco _Capacity My partner wrote a commentary on the Post "The World Weigh Less" is too good to be hidden in the shadow of a comment. Here I go.
"The Death of Papa" Excellent topic to pursue, congratulations friend mío.Karol Wojtyla, has ceased to exist, AMEN! It happened when the famous scandal that almost reveals the truth of the church, speak when Pope John Paul I (Albino Luciani) ordered an investigation of the origins of property and funds of Banco Ambrosiano, taken by surprise many that much of this was for "donations" of Fascist government of Mussolini, Hitler and others in the "user fee" on arms sales, which by the way, the Vatican is accionista.Además, other funds are Contraceptive business reason, that both criticize and condemn. Albino Luciani, said in an encyclical that the ideology expressed by the communists (Anarchists, Marxists) is the ideology of Christ and the church, ignoring the methods of violence and atheism (which incidentally is a representative Charrúa Anarchist perfect). Before All this, and following the conspiracy theory embodied in a book, John Paul I "the smiling Pope" died in a strange way to 33 days of papado.Explicable is that the historical moment he lived, the conditions for development of progressive and revolutionary movement within the church (the so-called liberation theology), the reality of the world at that time (early 80's, consolidation of the Cuban revolution, with Sandinista leaders Victoria Christians, the social explosion in El Salvador and Colombia with the same type of features etc). On top of this, the division of world economic blocs and the state of the USSR on Poland. This results as for "beating" this wave that impacted on the "parishioners" progressives needed an actor that plays the side of the countries that had been against the revoluciones.Y of this man was born there, after the heinous murder of his predecessor takes the reins of one of the most powerful states on earth, being smaller than my country, Panama, and that is very pequeño.Esta is a small historical review of John Paul II, who took party tacitly and doctrinal obscurantism and a retrograde and reactionary ideology, that is their stance towards the liberation movements. Highly individualized ways had positions (personal) such as the rejection of the imperialist blockade against Cuba, the way in which labels neoliberalism as "the new capitalism Wild", the historic meeting with Pinochet who refused to shake his hand because as said "I do not give a hand to Dictators "stance criticized by our journalist friends, as with Fidel Castro, had close relations amistad.Lo main business is that the church meet its role for which she was placed from the beginning, when the world was in a boiling sided exchange reaction, this being so Karol Wojtyla was just a tab more to alienate the people and keeping in obedience to the system. Also served with the forces against the Soviet bloc that, despite its features was a counter (even being told that one of nomenklatura) to Imperialism Yanki.Por the historical moment was merely the pawn of Capital and War Cold.
Sunday, April 3, 2005
Dental Thank You Letter After Interview
The world weighs less
I had a little left this blog, I know and I apologize to whoever I read (you have to have guts to read me or put up with me). Well, in order to do an appearance, I think one obvious reason: "The death of the Pope."
For some reason the world seemed to forget about Iraq (and other wars crossed), deaths of countless children around the world for so avoidable reasons such as poor or no access to health, poor distribution of wealth, no food, drought. A blanket covered the eyes of many, almost all the world, with ceremonies and prayers of people gathered in the square San Pedro, like vultures waiting for the death of an undeniable symbol of human ignorance and darkness that follows us from the darkest caverns of existence.
many beings in this world, made of the same material as the "Holy Father" died during more than 72 hours of transmission of the agony and death. It says studies show that every three seconds a child dies poor in this world, we should make calculations to estimate the number of deaths, that was. The list of deaths that took place without CNN press release, without proper medical attention, without being surrounded by wealth.
Maybe you can not ask for much more to a world so unthinking, the same as shocking as you think Janet Jackson showing a breast, yet the bombs falling in Iraq (courtesy of CNN and show equivalent) seemed a simple and entertaining Hollywood film, the kind that they enjoy, for as they say: " forget a moment of trouble. " Already pulled
accounts? Only if we think within 72 hours (round, of course, and by removing as many hours they passed all the other pieces of the show (which appears to be a success)). Well, if they have not taken account. Here I will calculate.
72 hours = 4320 minutes 4320 minutes
= 259.200 seconds
If we know who die 3 children per second in the world that we forget the man who:
killed an estimated 86.400 children.
But they were not chosen by God. No, they're just "others" in the eyes of the world. No one knows of their lives, or their names or their names or their works or famous quotes. Of these, which did not have golden throne, nor were the leaders of some of the richest states on earth.
A state with enough gold to give food to the hungry.
"For I was hungry, but you gave me nothing to eat, gave me thirsty but you gave me drink" (Matthew 25, 42)
quote the Bible as a mere matter technique, but, is it not a commandment of Jesus to feed the poor. Use the shield of an ideology which does not practice.
There is much to add but would need off-topic. Talking about the Vatican prohibits contraception, abortion ("they want to raise unwanted children, or fill your imaginary sky with AIDS, hepatitis and other?). They oppose science, cloning, stem cell research. Changing the phrase
English speaker Emilio Castelar
Gentlemen, The Pope is dead, the world weigh less. "
Nothing.
For some reason the world seemed to forget about Iraq (and other wars crossed), deaths of countless children around the world for so avoidable reasons such as poor or no access to health, poor distribution of wealth, no food, drought. A blanket covered the eyes of many, almost all the world, with ceremonies and prayers of people gathered in the square San Pedro, like vultures waiting for the death of an undeniable symbol of human ignorance and darkness that follows us from the darkest caverns of existence.
many beings in this world, made of the same material as the "Holy Father" died during more than 72 hours of transmission of the agony and death. It says studies show that every three seconds a child dies poor in this world, we should make calculations to estimate the number of deaths, that was. The list of deaths that took place without CNN press release, without proper medical attention, without being surrounded by wealth.
Maybe you can not ask for much more to a world so unthinking, the same as shocking as you think Janet Jackson showing a breast, yet the bombs falling in Iraq (courtesy of CNN and show equivalent) seemed a simple and entertaining Hollywood film, the kind that they enjoy, for as they say: " forget a moment of trouble. " Already pulled
accounts? Only if we think within 72 hours (round, of course, and by removing as many hours they passed all the other pieces of the show (which appears to be a success)). Well, if they have not taken account. Here I will calculate.
72 hours = 4320 minutes 4320 minutes
= 259.200 seconds
If we know who die 3 children per second in the world that we forget the man who:
killed an estimated 86.400 children.
But they were not chosen by God. No, they're just "others" in the eyes of the world. No one knows of their lives, or their names or their names or their works or famous quotes. Of these, which did not have golden throne, nor were the leaders of some of the richest states on earth.
A state with enough gold to give food to the hungry.
"For I was hungry, but you gave me nothing to eat, gave me thirsty but you gave me drink" (Matthew 25, 42)
quote the Bible as a mere matter technique, but, is it not a commandment of Jesus to feed the poor. Use the shield of an ideology which does not practice.
There is much to add but would need off-topic. Talking about the Vatican prohibits contraception, abortion ("they want to raise unwanted children, or fill your imaginary sky with AIDS, hepatitis and other?). They oppose science, cloning, stem cell research. Changing the phrase
English speaker Emilio Castelar
Gentlemen, The Pope is dead, the world weigh less. "
Nothing.
Thursday, February 10, 2005
Ages Of Empire 2 Lan You Must Have A Cd
Clarification
I have been told that my blog rather than an anarchist is mostly anti-religious. I do not belie, not belie that religion is one of the factors and tools that use the powerful domain to handle the weak, that I have said before. But I can say is anti-religious because the only way for humans to be free, is to first be free of ideas, that is not tied. Fear is a form of domination, could be called terrorists into the arms of religions that feed their believers with fear, to keep them tied to their flocks, and in the dictionary the word terrorism in the first meaning shown:
1. Domination through terror.
a. God Terror
hell b.Terror
c. Etc.
I must apologize if I've gone a little of topic, only mentioning it because the word terrorist is to fashion and apply it seemed right. My page is an anarchist, that is clear, but start attacking religion because it is the stronger arm of the system, and so I am anti-religious. They ask me to respect public opinion, will not do it, I ask that respects the beliefs of everyone, not do it. Religion is bullshit, appropriate social behavior by human need and converted by the powerful tool of domination. He said those words before and will continue forever. That is my creed, my way of thinking. Freedom.
Anarko_Charrúa
I have been told that my blog rather than an anarchist is mostly anti-religious. I do not belie, not belie that religion is one of the factors and tools that use the powerful domain to handle the weak, that I have said before. But I can say is anti-religious because the only way for humans to be free, is to first be free of ideas, that is not tied. Fear is a form of domination, could be called terrorists into the arms of religions that feed their believers with fear, to keep them tied to their flocks, and in the dictionary the word terrorism in the first meaning shown:
1. Domination through terror.
a. God Terror
hell b.Terror
c. Etc.
I must apologize if I've gone a little of topic, only mentioning it because the word terrorist is to fashion and apply it seemed right. My page is an anarchist, that is clear, but start attacking religion because it is the stronger arm of the system, and so I am anti-religious. They ask me to respect public opinion, will not do it, I ask that respects the beliefs of everyone, not do it. Religion is bullshit, appropriate social behavior by human need and converted by the powerful tool of domination. He said those words before and will continue forever. That is my creed, my way of thinking. Freedom.
Anarko_Charrúa
Friday, January 14, 2005
Nicotine Irritate Throat
Our struggle against religion II
Man swings, swings his humanity outraged by the lies and outraged by faith. As several of the entities that work to marginalize the human capacity to reason (and thus the natural ability to rebel, which distinguishes humans from other animals) the church, whatever religion they profess, marginalize intellectual capacity humanity and contain imaginary landmarks beyond the basic and essential materialism, science awareness and full of studies.
Humanity is promiscuous and falls to the weakness that makes you think beyond what exists, making idealist by nature, or rather from weakness and fear.
The existing bodies such as the arms of the state, the moralists, the protectors of the faith, pro-government groups and other forces can not compare their strength against the force of the mass movement which has churches and other creative organs of faith. Based on the Bible, or in any other book they can attract more heads to abstract from reality focusing them on future promises and realities profoundly abstract. Can attract more things with these fabrications which can attract a revolutionary force. Clearly, since humanity is stretched and ready to do anything to get up, either a feasible, or not, if they say they serve, serve. Religion as an entity merely to create sheep to serve you and help expand and increase its strength. Believers are their engines while their fuel, they are responsible for adding more sheep to the flock and go well nourished.
The church is a local hazardous for human progress, undermines science and have come to the point of denying the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. The growth of religions, whether schools are, as a danger to the future of all humanity. Religion is one of the oldest forms of domination, used to control the masses and keep them stable in any situation, keep the masses asleep for better control. Believers as sheep follow their shepherd to the extent, and degenerates that like the shepherds, sheep graze at will and you profit in any way.
They hide under the mask of mercy, giving alms and temporary help, in the name and grace of his god. Mask the damage they do to humanity with small drops of goodwill hypocrite. Hopefully
open the eyes of humanity, to awaken and that lethargy in which sways this, unfortunately, so far from reality. And it's definitely a danger to the future of freedom essential.
Man swings, swings his humanity outraged by the lies and outraged by faith. As several of the entities that work to marginalize the human capacity to reason (and thus the natural ability to rebel, which distinguishes humans from other animals) the church, whatever religion they profess, marginalize intellectual capacity humanity and contain imaginary landmarks beyond the basic and essential materialism, science awareness and full of studies.
Humanity is promiscuous and falls to the weakness that makes you think beyond what exists, making idealist by nature, or rather from weakness and fear.
The existing bodies such as the arms of the state, the moralists, the protectors of the faith, pro-government groups and other forces can not compare their strength against the force of the mass movement which has churches and other creative organs of faith. Based on the Bible, or in any other book they can attract more heads to abstract from reality focusing them on future promises and realities profoundly abstract. Can attract more things with these fabrications which can attract a revolutionary force. Clearly, since humanity is stretched and ready to do anything to get up, either a feasible, or not, if they say they serve, serve. Religion as an entity merely to create sheep to serve you and help expand and increase its strength. Believers are their engines while their fuel, they are responsible for adding more sheep to the flock and go well nourished.
The church is a local hazardous for human progress, undermines science and have come to the point of denying the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. The growth of religions, whether schools are, as a danger to the future of all humanity. Religion is one of the oldest forms of domination, used to control the masses and keep them stable in any situation, keep the masses asleep for better control. Believers as sheep follow their shepherd to the extent, and degenerates that like the shepherds, sheep graze at will and you profit in any way.
They hide under the mask of mercy, giving alms and temporary help, in the name and grace of his god. Mask the damage they do to humanity with small drops of goodwill hypocrite. Hopefully
open the eyes of humanity, to awaken and that lethargy in which sways this, unfortunately, so far from reality. And it's definitely a danger to the future of freedom essential.
Tuesday, January 4, 2005
Short Example: Card Stacking
Our Struggle against religion. God and the State, M. Bakunin
As an anarchist I feel bound to express my condemnation against everything that threatens the freedom of man. Religion is one of those things, one of those agencies that uses fear and false promises to take pasatorearlos beings and like a shepherd with his sheep. Religion in other words is the deprivation of the power of man's intelligence, forming a cloak of fear and dreams, of which some are used to taparles eyes to others and have the lives and liberties at will.
-Anarko_Charrúa-
Here is an important text, God and the rule of Bakunin, one of the most renowned philosophers, anarchists:
God and the State
Who is right, the idealists or the materialists? And once raised the question, hesitation becomes impossible. Undoubtedly the idealists are mistaken and / or the materialists are right. Yes, the facts are before ideas; the ideal, as Proudhon said, no more than a flower of which are real material conditions of existence. All intellectual and moral history, social policy and humanity is a reflection of its economic history.
All branches of modern science, conscientious and serious, converge to the proclamation that large, the fundamental and decisive truth: the social world, the purely human world, humanity, in a word, is not simply the last and supreme development for us at least relative to our planet, "The demonstration highest animality. But as every development necessarily implies a negation of the base or starting point, humanity is at the same time and essentially a denial, thoughtful and progressive denial of animality in men, and it is this denial as rational as natural, and is not rational because it is more natural, historical, and logical, fatal as are the developments and achievements of all natural laws in the world, that constitutes and creates the ideal, the world of intellectual and moral convictions and ideas.
Our early ancestors, our Adams and your evas, were, if not gorillas, at least very close cousins \u200b\u200bthe gorillas, omnivorous, intelligent and ferocious animals, endowed an infinitely greater degree than all other animal species, two precious faculties: the faculty of thinking and faculty, the need to rebel.
These two faculties, combining their progressive action in history, represent properly the "factor", the look, the negative power in the positive development of human animality, and create therefore all that constitutes humanity in men.
The Bible, a book is very interesting and sometimes very profound when considered as one of the oldest manifestations of wisdom and human imagination that have come before us, expresses this truth in a very naive in his myth original sin. LORD, all the good gods have been worshiped by men is certainly the most jealous, the most vain, the fiercest, the most unjust, the bloodiest, the most despotic and most enemy of dignity and human freedom, which created Adam and Eve do not know what whim (no doubt to deceive his boredom to be to be terrible in his eternal egoistic solitude, to procure new slaves), had generously placed at their disposal all the earth with all its fruits and all the animals, and had not made the full enjoyment rather than a limit. I had expressly forbidden to touch the fruit of the tree of knowledge. Wanted man, deprived of all consciousness of himself, to remain an eternal animal provided with four legs before the eternal God, creator his master. But behold, Satan, the eternal rebel, the first freethinker and the emancipator of worlds. Man ashamed of his ignorance of his obedience; the emancipation and stamps upon his brow the seal of liberty and humanity, in urging him to disobey and eat the fruit of science.
else is known. Good God, which is an innate knowledge of the divine powers ought to have that happen, however, became angry and ridiculously terrible, cursed Satan, man and the world created by him and hurt himself, so to speak, in his own creation, as children do when they get angry and not content with smiting our ancestors in this, he cursed in all generations to come, innocent of the crime committed by them. Our Catholic and Protestant theologians find that it is very profound and very just, precisely because is monstrously iniquitous and absurd. Then, remembering that it was not only a God of vengeance and anger, but a God of love, after having tormented the existence of some thousands of poor people and if any condemned to an eternal hell, took pity on the rest and to save to reconcile his eternal and divine love with his eternal and divine anger always greedy for victims and blood, sent into the world, as an expiatory victim, his only son to be killed by men. This is called the mystery of redemption, basis of all Christian religions. And if the divine Savior had saved the world even human! But no, in the paradise promised by Christ, you know, since it announced solemnly that or there will be more than a few elected. The rest, the vast majority of present and future, will burn eternally in hell. Meanwhile, console us, God, always fair, always good, handing the land to the government of Napoleon III, the William I, of Ferdinand of Austria and Alexander of all the Russias.
Such are the absurd tales that are reported and these are the monstrous doctrines taught in the nineteenth century, popular schools in all of Europe, on the express orders of governments. That's called civilizing the people! Is it not obvious that all these governments are systematic poisoners, the stultifying stakeholders of the masses?
I have been swept away from my subject, for the anger that comes over me whenever I think of the ignoble and criminal means used to keep nations in eternal slavery, to be depleted better, no doubt. What do the crimes of all the world Tropmann in the presence of such a crime against humanity that are committed daily, in broad daylight, the entire surface of the civilized world, by those who dare to call parents / guardians and people? Back to the myth of original sin.
reason God gave Satan and the devil or acknowledged that he deceived Adam and Eve promising science and freedom as a reward from the act of disobedience that had led them to commit, because as soon as they had eaten the forbidden fruit, God himself said (see Bible): "Behold, man has become a of us know the good and evil; impidámosle, then eat the fruit of eternal life, so do not immortal like us. "
Let us now leave aside the part deriving from stories of this myth and consider its meaning true. The meaning is very clear. The man is emancipated, has separated from the animal and is incorporated as a man, has begun its history and human development itself an act of disobedience and science, ie the rebellion and by thought.
Three elements or, if you will, three fundamental principles constitute the essential conditions of all human development, both collectively and individually, in history: 1 human animality; 2 nd thought, and 3 the default. The first is more properly the social and private economy, the second, science, and the third, freedom.
Idealists of all schools, aristocrats and bourgeois, theologians and metaphysicians, politicians and moralists, religious philosophers and poets, not forgetting the liberal economists, wild worshipers from ideal, as is known, was much offended when told man, with all his magnificent intelligence, his sublime ideas and endless aspirations, is, like everything else in the world, rather than matter, more than a product of vile matter.
might reply that the matter-matter materialists speak spontaneously and eternally mobile, active, productive chemical material or organically determined and manifested by the properties or mechanical forces, physical, or intelligent animals that are inherent in force- has nothing in common with the vile matter of the idealists. This latest product of their false abstraction, is indeed a stupid, lifeless, motionless, incapable of the least of things a caput mortem, a creeping away from that beautiful imagination imagination to call God, Supreme Being to which a material, the latter of them, stripped themselves of everything that constitutes the real nature, necessarily represents supreme Nothing. Have taken a matter of intelligence, life, all the determining qualities, active relations or forces, the movement itself, without which the matter would not even heavy, leaving no more than the weightlessness and absolute immobility in space; have attributed all these forces, property and natural events, the imaginary being created by your abstract fantasy, then twisting the paper, have called this product your imagination, this phantom, this God is the Nothing, "the Supreme Being." Therefore declared that the real being, matter, the world is nothingness. After that come to seriously say that this matter is unable to reduce anything, not even to get moving by itself, and therefore must have been created by God.
In another paper I have laid bare the absurdities that are truly repulsive is fatally led by the imagination of a God, be personal, be creative and computer worlds, is impersonal and considered as a kind of divine soul spread throughout the universe, which constitute the eternal principle, or as indefinite and divine idea, provided present and active in the world and always expressed by all materials and finite beings. Here I draw attention to a single point.
is perfectly conceived future development of the material world, as well as organic life, animal, and historically progressive intelligence, individual and social, of human beings in the world. It is a completely natural movement from the simple to the complex, from the bottom up or from lower to higher, a move according to all our daily experiences, and therefore, as well as our natural logic, to the laws of our spirit, that, never conformed and unable further developed with the help of these same experiences, it is, so to speak, rather than the mental reproduction, cerebral, or reflective summary.
idealists system presents the complete opposite. Is the absolute condition of all human experiences and that common sense is universal and essential condition for Human entente and, rising from the simple truth so universally acknowledged that two plus two equals four, even the most sublime scientific considerations and more complicated, not acknowledging the other hand never anything but severely confirmed by experience or observation of things or acts, is the only serious basis of human knowledge.
Instead of following the natural path from the bottom up, and the lower to the upper and the relatively simple to complicated, instead of accompanying prudent, rational, progressive and real movement in the world called inorganic to the organic world, plant, then animal, and then specifically human, of chemical matter or chemical to be living matter or living being, and being alive to be thinking, idealists, obsessed, blinded and impelled by the divine phantom have inherited from the theology, take the road quite the opposite. Are from top to bottom, from the higher to lower, from complicated to simple. They begin with God, either as a person, whether as substance or divine idea, and the first step to take is a terrible flip from the sublime heights of the eternal ideal into the mire of the material world of absolute perfection to imperfection absolute thought to be, or rather the Supreme Being to Nothingness . When, how and why the divine, eternal, infinite, absolutely perfect, probably weary of himself, has decided to jump mortale desperate, that is what no idealist, no theologian, nor metaphysical, or poet has understood never himself or explain to the uninitiated.
All religions past and present and all systems of transcendental philosophy roll on this one or wicked mystery. Holy men, inspired legislators, prophets, Messiah, searched him and found no life but the torture and death. As the ancient Sphinx, has eaten, because they could not explain. Great philosophers from Heraclitus and Plato to Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, not to mention the Indian philosophers, have written heaps of volumes and systems have been so ingenious as sublime, in which said step many beautiful and great things and found immortal truths, but have left this mystery, the main object of their transcendental investigations, as unfathomable as it had been before them. But since the gigantic efforts as the most admirable geniuses that the world knows and that for thirty centuries at least have taken time and again that work of Sisyphus, but have not completed the greatest misunderstanding of this mystery yet, can we expect that it will be discovered today on speculation a disciple routine pedantic metaphysics artificially overheated and that in a time when all living spirits and serious they have deviated from this science understandable, arising from a transaction, historically explicable without doubt one of the irrationality of faith and sound scientific reason?
is evident that this terrible mystery is inexplicable, that is, it's absurd, because the absurdity is the only thing that is not can explain. It is clear that the one who needs it for his happiness, for life must renounce his reason and, returning, if you can, to naive, blind, stupid, repeat with Tertullian and all sincere believers these words sum the very quintessence of theology: Credoquia absurdum. Then all discussion stops, and nothing remains but the triumphant stupidity of faith. But then it also promotes another question: How can a man be born intelligent and educated the need to believe in this mystery?
that belief in God the Creator, computer and judge, cursing, savior and benefactor of the world has been preserved in the village, and especially rural populations much more so than in the urban proletariat, just natural. The people, unfortunately, is still very ignorant, and is kept in ignorance by the systematic efforts of all governments, who consider this ignorance, not without reason, as one of the most essential conditions of its own power. Overwhelmed by their daily work, deprived of leisure, intellectual commerce, reading, in short, almost all media and much of the stimulants that develop thought in men, people often accept uncritically and all religious traditions, wrapping from his birth in all the circumstances of his life, and artificially maintained within it a multitude of official poisoners of all sorts, priests and laity, he become a sort of moral mental habit, too often more powerful than his natural good sense.
There is another reason and that somehow justifies the absurd beliefs of the people. It is the miserable situation that is fatally condemned by the economic organization of society in most civilized countries of Europe. Reduced, intellectually and morally and in their material to a minimum of human existence, locked in his life as a prisoner in his prison, without horizon, without outlet, without future itself, if you believe the economists, the people should have the soul and instinct singularly narrow flattened the bourgeoisie for not feel the need to leave that state, but for that there are only three ways, two of them illusory and real third. The first two are the brothel and the church, debauchery of the body and the licentiousness of the soul, the third is social revolution. Where the latter only conclude that much more unless all freethinkers theoretical propaganda will be able to destroy even the same signs of religious beliefs and habits of disarray in the village, beliefs and habits that are more closely related than you think, that replaces the pleasures at once illusory and the brutal licentiousness and spiritual body, of the joys as delicate as real humanity fully realized in each one of us and all the social revolution will only have the power to close at the same time all the brothels and all the churches.
Until then, the people, taken en masse, believe, and if you have no reason to believe, have at least the right.
There is a category of people who, whether he believes, should at least pretend to believe. Are all the tormentors, all the oppressors and exploiters of all humanity. Priests, monarchs, statesmen, men of war, public and private financiers, officials of all species, police, jailers and executioners, monopolists, capitalists, entrepreneurs and owners, lawyers, economists, politicians of all colors, to the last dealer, all repeated in unison the words of Voltaire: If God did not exist
should inventory. Because you will understand that it needs a religion for the people. Is the safety valve.
There is, in short, a fairly large category of honest souls, but weak, too smart to take the Christian dogmas seriously, reject them in detail but have neither the courage nor the strength nor the necessary resolution total rejection. Leave your criticism all the absurdities particular religion, make fun of all miracles, but they cling desperately to the absurd main source of all others, the miracle that explains and justifies all the other miracles, the existence of God. Your God is not being strong and powerful, the God of theology brutally positive. It is a nebulous, diaphanous, illusory, so that when you create an illusion becomes Nothing felt it is a miracle, an ignis fatuus neither hot nor light. And yet, say and believe that if they disappear, disappear around him. Souls are uncertain, sickly, disoriented in modern civilization, which belong neither to present nor the future, pale phantoms eternally suspended between heaven and earth, and that bourgeois political deal between the proletariat and socialism quite the same position. They do not feel strongly or to think to the end, or to want or to solve, and waste their time and their work always striving to reconcile the irreconcilable. In public life are called bourgeois socialists.
No discussion with them or against them is possible. They're too sick.
But a small number of illustrious men, of whom no one will dare to speak without respect, and which no doubt will think or vigorous health, strength of mind, or good faith. Suffice it to mention the names of Mazzini, Michelet, of Quinet, John Stuart Mill generous and strong souls, great hearts, great minds, great writers and the first revolutionary heroic rescuer of a nation, are all apostles of idealism and passionate adversaries of materialism, and hence also the socialism, philosophy and politics.
is with them that we need to discuss this issue.
us check first that none of the great men I just mentioned, nor any other idealistic thinker somewhat important of our time, has addressed itself to the logic of this issue. None has been addressed philosophically the possibility of divine mortale jump eternal and pure regions of the spirit into the mire of the material world. "They are afraid to deal with this insoluble contradiction and despair of failed resolve after the greatest geniuses of history, or to have been considered as sufficiently settled already? It's his secret. The fact is that they have put aside the theoretical demonstration of the existence of a God, and have developed just that the reasons and the practical consequences of it. They talked about it all as a universally accepted fact and as such impossible to become the subject of any doubt, limiting, for any evidence to verify the old and the very universality of belief in God.
This unanimity imposing, in the opinion of many illustrious men and writers, and to cite only the most renowned of them, as eloquently expressed the opinion of Joseph de Maistre and the great Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini, is worth more than all the demonstrations of science; and if the idea of \u200b\u200ba small number of thinkers consistent and still very powerful, but isolated, it is contrary, the worse, they say, for these thinkers and their logic, because the general consent, the adoption of a universal and ancient idea have been considered at all times as the most successful test of its truth. The feeling around the world, a conviction that is provided and maintained everywhere, could not be deceived. Must be rooted in an absolute necessity in the nature of man. And since it was established that all peoples past and present have believed and believe in the existence of God is evident that those who have the misfortune to doubt it, whatever the logic that has been dragged into this question are abnormal exceptions, monsters.
So antiquity and universality of a belief would be, against all science and against all logic and irreducible sufficient proof of its truth. Why?
to the century of Copernicus and Galileo, everybody had thought that the sun revolved around of the Earth. Do not be fooled everyone? Is there something more ancient and more universal than slavery? Perhaps cannibalism. Since the origin of the historical society to this day there was always and everywhere forced labor exploitation of the masses, slaves, servants or employees for any dominant minority, the oppression of peoples by church and state. Should we conclude that this exploitation and oppression that absolutely needs to be inherent to the very existence of human society?. Behold examples showing that the arguments of the lawyers of the good Lord does not prove anything.
Nothing is in fact so universal and as old as unjust and absurd, and, conversely, are true justice which, in the development of human societies, are less universal and younger, which explains also the constant historical phenomenon unprecedented persecution that have been and continue to suffer those who the claim, first by the official representatives, and interested patented beliefs "universal" and "old" and often also by those same masses of people who, after having tormented, just always take and win their ideas.
for us materialists and Revolutionary Socialists, there is nothing that surprised us or frighten us into this phenomenon history. Strong in our conscience, our love of truth, at that passion logic that is itself a great power, and apart from which there is no thought, strong in our passion for justice and our abiding faith in the triumph of bestiality humanity on all theoretical practice; strong, finally, trust and mutual support are provided to the small number of those who share our convictions, we resign ourselves to all the consequences of this historical phenomenon, in we see the manifestation of a social law as natural, as necessary and as invariable as all other laws that govern the world.
This law is a logical, inevitable, the animal origin of human society now, against all scientific, psychological, historical, that have accumulated in our day, as well as on the events of German conquest of France, giving today a brilliant demonstration of this, you can not truly doubt the reality of that origin. But from the moment it is accepted that animal origin of man, explains everything. The story appears to us, then, as the revolutionary negation either slow, apathetic, numb, either passionate and powerful in the past. Is precisely the progressive denial of animality of man by first unfolding of their humanity. The man, fierce animal, a cousin of the gorilla, has deep night party animal instinct to reach the light of the spirit, which explains in a natural way all his past digressions, and comforts us in some of their errors are present. Has come from animal slavery and after slavery through the divine, the term transitional between his animality and his humanity, today launched the conquest and the realization of human freedom. With the result that the antiquity of a belief, an idea, far from proving anything in its favor, must, on the contrary, let us suspicious. Because behind us is our animality and before us the humanity and the human light, the only that can heat and light, which alone can emancipate ourselves, makes us worthy, free, happy, and the realization of brotherhood among us does not at first, but, relative to the period in which they live, at the end of the story. Do not look, therefore, never back, always look forward because forward is our sun and our salvation, and if allowed, if useful and necessary to turn our view to the study of our past, is nothing more than to see what we have been and what we should be more, we've thought and thought and what not to believe or think what we have done and what not to do again.
This in regard to seniority. As for the universality of an error, does not prove one thing: the similarity, if not the perfect identity of human nature in all times and under all climates. And since it has been proven that people of all periods of his life have believed and still believe in God, we simply conclude that the divine idea, out of ourselves, is an error historically necessary in the development of humanity and ask why and how it has produced in history, why the vast majority of the human species is still accepted as truth.
While we can not realize the way there was the idea of \u200b\u200ba supernatural and divine world and how fatally due place in the historical development of human consciousness can be scientifically convinced of the absurdity of that idea, but never get to destroy the majority opinion. In effect we will be unable to attack in the depths of the human being, where he was born, and convicted of fruitless struggle, and endless end, we are content to always fight only on the surface, in its many manifestations, which absurd, just down from the beating of common sense, immediately reborn in a new form no less foolish. Persist while the root of all the absurdities that torment the world, belief in God remains intact, do not cease to take new shoots. Thus, in our days, in certain regions of the highest society, Spiritualism tends to settle on the ruins of Christianity.
not only in the interests of the masses, but also the salvation of our own minds we must bring ourselves to understand the historical genesis of the idea of \u200b\u200bGod, the succession of cases that were developed this idea in the minds of men. We say and believe ourselves Atheists: while we have not included these cases, we leave more or less dominate the cries of the universal consciousness that we have not caught the secret, and, given the natural weakness of the individual, even the strongest to the powerful influence of social environment that surrounds it, is always the risk of falling back sooner or later, and in one way or another, into the abyss of religious absurdity. The shameful examples and such conversions are common in today's society.
I already mentioned the main practical reason even today the power exercised by religious beliefs on the masses. These provisions do not imply mystical itself as an aberration of mind as a deep discontent of the heart. It is the instinctive and passionate protest of the human being against the narrowness, the dullness, the pain and the shame of a miserable existence. Against this disease, I said, there is no a remedy: the social revolution.
Meanwhile, other times I tried to explain the reasons which governed the emergence and historical development of religious hallucinations in man's consciousness. Here I do not treat this question of the existence of God or the divine origin of the world and man, rather than from the point of view of their moral and social utility, and the theoretical reason for this belief will not say more than a few words, in order to better explain my thoughts.
All religions, with their gods, demigods and their prophets, their Messiah and His saints, have been created by the credulous fancy of men, not yet reached full development and the full possession of his mental faculties, in consequence of which, the religious heaven is nothing but a miracle which man, exalted by ignorance and faith, he rediscovers his own image, but enlarged and changeling is say, deified. The history of religions, the birth, grandeur and decadence of the gods that occurred in human belief, is nothing more than the development of intelligence and the collective conscience of men. As in its historic march down, caught, either in themselves or in external nature, strength, quality or any defects, they attributed to their gods, after having exaggerated expanded enormously, as do children usually, by an act of religious fantasy. Thanks to his modesty and generosity that godly men and gullible believers, heaven has been enriched by the spoils of the land, and a necessary consequence, the richer it became the sky, became more miserable land. Once installed the deity, was naturally proclaimed the cause, reason, the absolute arbiter and dispenser of all things: the world was not nothing, divinity was everything, and man, his real creator, after having out of nothing without realizing it, he knelt before her, adored and proclaimed his creature and his slave.
Christianity is precisely the religion par excellence, because it exposes and manifests in its fullness, nature, the essence of every religious system, which is the impoverishment, enslavement, annihilation of humanity for the benefit of divinity . Being God
all, the real world and man are nothing. God being truth, justice, goodness, beauty, power and life, man is falsehood, iniquity, evil, ugliness, impotence and death. God being master, man is the slave. Unable to find himself justice, truth and eternal life can not reach them only through a divine revelation. But whoever says revelation says developers, Messiahs, prophets, priests and legislators inspired by God himself, and after those recognized as representatives of divinity on earth, as the saints institutors of humanity, chosen by God himself to direct the path of salvation, must exercise necessarily an absolute power. All men owe them passive and unlimited obedience, because against the divine reason there is no human reason and against the justice of God no terrestrial justice are maintained. Slaves of God, men should be also of the church and state, while the latter is embodied by the church. That is what Christianity understood better than all the religions that exist or have existed, not excepting the ancient Eastern religions, which, moreover, have not only covered specific and privileged people, while Christianity is the claim to encompass all humanity, and that is what, of all Christian sects, only Roman Catholicism has proclaimed and realized with a rigorous result. That is why Christianity is the absolute religion, the last religion, and the Apostolic and Roman Church the only consistent, legitimate, and divine.
That does not seem bad to the metaphysicians and religious idealists, philosophers, politicians and poets: the idea of \u200b\u200bGod implies the abdication of human reason and human justice, is the negation more critical of human liberty and necessarily leads to slavery men, both in theory and in practice. Less than wanting
slavery and the degradation of men, how they want the Jesuits, how they want the monks, the Methodist Protestant pietistic or not we can, we must not make the slightest concession or the God of theology or the of metaphysics because in this mystical alphabet, begins by saying that A Z telling must end fatally, and he who wants to worship God must, no puerile illusions, bravely renounce his liberty and humanity.
If God exists, man is a slave, however, man can and should be free, therefore God does not exist.
Challenge to whoever out of that circle, and now choose.
Do I need to remember how much and how religions brutalize and corrupt the people? Kill them the reason, the principal instrument of human emancipation, and reduce them to imbecility, the essential condition of their slavery. They dishonor human labor, and make him a sign and a source of bondage. Kill the notion and sense of human justice, making always tip the scales in favor of rogues triumphant privileged objects of divine grace. Kill the pride and dignity, protecting not only to the crawling and those who humble themselves. Drown in the heart of the people all sense of human fraternity, filling it with divine cruelty.
All religions are cruel, they are all based on the blood, for all rest principally on the idea of \u200b\u200bsacrifice, ie on the perpetual immolation of humanity to the insatiable vengeance of divinity. In this bloody mystery man is always the victim and the priest, too, but men privileged by grace is the divine executioner. That explains why the priests of all religions, the best, most humane, the mildest, almost always at the bottom of his heart, and if not in the heart in his mind, in spirit (and you know formidable influence that other exercise on the heart of men) - why is, say, the feelings of every priest some cruel and bloodthirsty.
All this, our illustrious contemporary idealists know better than anyone. Men are wise and know the story by heart, and as are both living men, great souls penetrated by a deep and sincere love for the good of humanity, have cursed and railed all these effects, all these crimes of religion unparalleled eloquence. They reject with indignation all solidarity with the God of positive religions and their representatives past and present on Earth.
The God they worship or believe worship is distinguished precisely the real gods of history, where God is not a positive, or determined in any way, whether theological, either metaphysically. It is not the supreme being of Robespierre and Rousseau, or pantheistic God of Spinoza, even the God both transcendent and immanent and very ambiguity of Hegel. It take good care of him either a positive determination, feeling that any determination submit it to the solvent action of criticism. They will not say it if it is a personal God or impersonal, if you created or if you have not created the world, not even speak of divine providence. All that could compromise them. Be content with saying, "God" and nothing else. But what is their God? It is not even an idea, an aspiration.
is the generic name of what they think of, good, beautiful, noble, human. But why then say: "man"? Ah! is that King William of Prussia and Napoleon III and all his fellows are also men, and that is what most are pregnant. The real humble us all what is most sublime, more beautiful and all that is most vile and most monstrous in the world. How to get out of this quagmire? They call it a divine and other bestial, representing divinity and animality as two poles between which is placed humanity. Not or can not take these three terms are not more than one and if they are separated they are destroyed.
They are strong in logic, and it seemed to despise. Is that what distinguishes them from the metaphysical and deists, and what gives his ideas the character of a practical idealism, drawing its inspiration much less severe development of thinking, which experiences almost say the emotions, both historical and collective and individual life. That gives their propaganda an appearance of wealth and vital power, but seemingly only because life itself becomes sterile when paralyzed by a logical contradiction.
Contradiction is this: love God and want to humanity. Persist in putting together these two terms, which, once separated, can not find it more than to destroy each other. They say in one breath: "God and human freedom," "God and the dignity, justice, equality, fraternity and prosperity of men", without worrying about the fatal logic according to which, if God exists everything is doomed to nonexistence. Because if God exists necessarily the eternal master, supreme, absolute, and if there is a man's love slave, but if a slave, for he no justice or equality or fraternity and prosperity possible. May, contrary to common sense and all the experiences of history, his God lively burst of tenderest love of human liberty: a master, whatever you want and a liberal who wants to show, never ceases to be a master and its existence necessarily implies the slavery of everything that lies beneath it.
Therefore, if God existed, there would be more to him than a single means to serve human freedom no longer exist.
As jealous lover of human freedom and regarding it as the absolute condition of everything we love and respect in humanity, I reverse the phrase of Voltaire and say, if God really existed, would be made to disappear.
The severe logic tells me this words is too obvious to need need to further develop this argument. And it seems impossible that the illustrious men whom I mentioned, so celebrated and so justly respected, were not affected by it and have not noticed the contradiction in that fall to talk about God and human freedom at a time. To which have been overlooked, has been must have thought that this inconsistency or logical that such negligence was practically necessary for good of humanity.
Perhaps, too, to speak of freedom as a thing that is for them very respectable and very dear, will be understood differently to how we understand, we, material and social revolutionaries. In fact, do not talk about it without immediately adding another word, the authority, a word and a thing which we detest with all my heart.
What is authority? Is it the inevitable power of natural laws that are manifested in the chain and the fatal sequence of events, both in the physical world and social world? Indeed, against these laws, rebellion is not only forbidden, but it's impossible. We can not know or even know, but we can not disobey, because they constitute the basis and conditions of our existence envelop us, penetrate us, regulate all our movements, our thoughts and our actions; so that, even when we want to disobey, we only show their omnipotence.
Yes, we are absolutely the slaves of these laws. But there is nothing humiliating in this slavery. Because slavery is a foreign master, a legislator who is outside of him who commands, while these laws are not outside us, we are inherent, constitute our being, our whole being, both physical and intellectual and moral not live, we do not breathe, do not act, we do not, want not only through them. Out of them we are nothing, we are not. Where appropriate, therefore, our power and our will rebel against them?.
Facing no natural laws to man but one freedom possible: to recognize and implement increasingly under the order of emanation or humanization, both collectively and individually pursued. These laws, once recognized, they exercise an authority which is not discussed by the mass of men. Necessary, for example, be mad or theologian, or at least a metaphysician, a lawyer, or a bourgeois economist to rebel against the law according to which two plus two make four. You must have faith to imagine that no one will burn in the fire and not drown in the water, unless you resort to some subterfuge founded even on some other natural law. But these revolts, or rather those attempts these wild imaginings of a possible rebellion are not only very rare exception, because, in general, one can say that the mass of men in their daily lives, is left to govern in an almost absolute good sense, Which is to say by the sum of the generally recognized laws.
The great misfortune is that a lot of natural laws and recorded as such by science, remain unknown to the masses, thanks to the care of these tutelary governments that exist, as is known, rather than for the sake of peoples ... There is another problem: most of the natural laws inherent in the development of human society, and are also necessary invariable, fatal, and the laws that govern the physical world, have been duly noted and recognized by science itself.
Once they have been recognized first by science and that science, through an extensive system of popular education and instruction, have made the move into the consciousness of all, the question of freedom will be fully resolved. The most recalcitrant authoritarian must recognize that then there is no need for political organization or direction or legislation, three things that, whether emanating from the will of the sovereign, and as a result of the vote in a parliament elected by universal suffrage and even they are consistent with the system of natural laws-which did not take place ever and will never have place-are always equally fatal and contrary to freedom of the masses, because it imposes a set of external laws and therefore despotic.
freedom of man consists solely in this, that obeys natural laws because he has recognized as such and not because they have been externally imposed by a foreign will, either human or divine, collective or individual. Suppose
learned academy, composed of the most illustrious representatives of science, suppose that the academy is responsible for legislation, organization of society and that only Inspired by the pure love of truth, no more than laws dictate absolutely in keeping with the latest discoveries of science. Well, I pretend that this legislation and that organization will be an eyesore, and this for two reasons: First, because human science is always and necessarily imperfect, comparing what has been discovered with what remains to be discovered, we can say which is still in the crib. So that if he wanted to force the practical life of men, both collectively and individually, to comply strictly with only the latest data of science, would be condemned to the society and individuals to suffer martyrdom on the Procrustean bed that end up soon suffocated by dislocations and, since life is always infinitely broader than science.
The second reason is this: a society that obey the laws of a scientific academy, not because it has understood its reasonableness by itself (in which case the existence of the academy would be useless), but because such legislation, issued by the academy would be imposed in the name of a revered science without understanding it, would not a society of men, but of brutes. It would be a second edition of this poor republic of Paraguay that much time left to govern by the Society of Jesus. Such a society would still fall well early in the lowest degree of idiocy.
But there is another reason that makes it impossible for such a government: is that a scientific academy coated say that absolute sovereignty, even if we were composed by the most illustrious men, she would infallibly and soon to be corrupted morally and intellectually. This is today, with the few privileges they leave, the history of all academies. The greatest scientific genius, from the moment it becomes academic, official wisdom, patented, and inevitably falls asleep. He loses his spontaneity, his revolutionary audacity and uncomfortable and savage that energy that characterizes the nature of the great geniuses, ever called to destroy obsolete worlds and lay the foundations of new worlds. Earn certainly complimentary, utilitarian and practical wisdom, what it loses in power of thought. Decays, in a word.
's own privilege and of every privileged position to kill the spirit and heart of men. The privileged man, whether politically, economically, is a man intellectually and morally depraved. Here was a social law which admits of no exception, and that applies to entire nations as to classes for companies and individuals. It is the law of equality, the supreme condition of liberty and humanity. The main objective of this book is precisely develop and demonstrate the truth in every aspect of human life.
A scientific body which is entrusted with the government of society, will soon be dealing with anything not science, but a different matter, and that case, as with all the powers that be, will be to perpetuate itself same, making the company entrusted to their care becomes more and more stupid, and therefore more in need of his government and its leadership.
But what is true of scientific academies is also true for all constituent and legislative assemblies, but have left the universal suffrage. This can renew your membership, is true, but that does not stop is formed in a few years a body of politicians, privileged in fact or in law, and that, devoted exclusively to public affairs of a country, just form a sort of aristocracy or political oligarchy. See if the United States and Switzerland.
Therefore, no foreign law and domestic law, because otherwise one is inseparable from the other, and both tend to the subjugation of society and the brutalization of the legislators themselves.
Does it follow from this that I reject all authority? Away from me that thought. When it comes to shoes, I prefer the authority of the shoe, if it is a house, a canal or railway, consult the architect or engineer. For this or other special science I go to this or that scholar. But I am to be imposed on me or the shoemaker, nor the architect nor the savant. I listen to them freely and with all respect due to their intelligence, their character, their knowledge, but I reserve my incontestable right of criticism and control. I am not satisfied with a single authority to consult a specialist, I consult several; compare their opinions and choose what seems to me fairer. But I do not recognize infallible authority, even in special issues, therefore, despite the respect I may have for the honesty and sincerity of this or that individual, I have absolute faith in anyone. Such faith would be fatal to my reason, liberty and the very success of my business, I immediately transformed into a stupid slave, an instrument of the will and interests of others.
If I bow to the authority of the specialists if I declare myself ready to go, to a certain extent for as long as I think necessary, their indications and even its direction, because that authority is not imposed on me by anyone, not by men or God. Otherwise reject it with honor and send the devil his advice, direction and science, sure I would pay with the loss of my freedom and my dignity fragments of human truth, wrapped in a lot of lies that could give me.
I bow to the authority of special men because I am compelled by reason itself. I have conscience can not cover in detail and its positive unfoldments only a small part of human science. The greatest intelligence would not cover everything. Hence it is to science as well as for industry, the necessity of the division and association of labor. I receive and give, this is human life. Each one is an authority leader and each is addressed in turn. Therefore there is no fixed and constant authority, but a continuous change of authority and mutual subordination, transient and mostly voluntary.
This same reason forbids me, then, owning a fixed, constant and universal, because there is no universal man, a man who is able to cover with this wealth of detail (without which the application of science to life is not possible), all sciences, all branches social life. And if such universality could be accomplished in a single man, wanted to take advantage of it to impose its authority, would be expelled this man from society, because his authority would inevitably reduce all others to slavery and imbecility. I do not think that society ought to maltreat men of genius as it has done so far. But I do not need to fatten them too, and especially grant exclusive privileges or rights of any species, and this for three reasons: first, because often happen that would take a charlatan for a man of genius, then, because this system of privilege, could transform into a charlatan, a man of genius, demoralize and brutalize and, finally, because it would give himself a despot. Resumo
. We recognize, therefore, the absolute authority of science, because science has no other object that the mental reproduction, thoughtful and systematic everything possible, from natural laws inherent in life both material and moral intellectual and physical world and the social world, these worlds are not really more than one and the same natural world. Out of that authority, the only legitimate one, because it is rational and is subject to human nature, we declare that all others are liars, arbitrary, despotic and deadly.
recognize the absolute authority of science, but we reject the infallibility and universality of the representatives of science. In our church, allow me to serve such a moment of expression which, moreover, hate, church and state my two black beasts, "in our church, as in the Protestant church, we have a chief, an invisible Christ, science and as Protestants, the Protestants still consistent, do not want to suffer or popes or councils, or conclaves of cardinals infallible, nor bishops, nor even priests, our Christ is distinguished from the Protestant and Christian Christ that the latter is a personal being, and ours is impersonal, the Christian Christ, already made in eternity past, is presented as a perfect , while the completion and perfection of our Christ, science, are always in the future, which is equivalent to saying that there never will be made. Not recognizing the absolute authority of science rather than absolute, not commit any time our freedom.
understand by the words "absolute science," the only truly universal ideally reproduce the universe in its entirety and in all its infinite details, system or coordination of all natural laws that are manifested in the continuing development of the worlds. It is evident that this science, the sublime object of all efforts of the human spirit will not be made in its fullness never absolute. Our Christ will therefore be eternally unfinished, which should reduce a lot of pride in their patented tives among us. Against that God the Son, in whose name it would claim to impose insolent and pedantic authority, we will appeal to the God father, who is the real world, real life of which He is just too imperfect an expression of who we are the immediate representatives , the real people who live, work, fight, love, sucks, enjoy and suffer.
But while rejecting the absolute authority, universal and infallible men of science, we willingly bow before the respectable authority, but on very fleeting, very restricted, representatives of special sciences, not demanding anything better to consult each case and very grateful for the precious indications that want us, provided they want to receive from us about things and sometimes when we are wiser than they, and in general, we ask nothing better than to see men endowed with a great knowledge, great experience, a great spirit and great heart in particular, exert an influence on us natural and legitimate, freely accepted, and never imposed in the name of any official authority whatsoever, terrestrial or celestial. We accept all natural authorities and all influences of fact, no law, for any authority or any influence of law and as such officially imposed, to soon become an oppression and a lie, we inevitably impose, as I demonstrated haberío enough, slavery and absurdity.
In short, we reject all legislation, all authority and influence all privileged, proprietary and legal officers, but out of universal suffrage, convinced that it may act only for the benefit of a dominant minority and operates against the interests of the vast majority submitted. Here
in what sense we are really Anarchists.
The modern idealists understand authority in a completely different way. Although free of the traditional superstitions of all religions as existing, associated, however, this idea of \u200b\u200bdivine authority in a sense, absolute. This authority is not of a truth miraculously revealed, nor that of a truth rigorously and scientifically demonstrated. It is based on some quasi-philosophical argument, and very vaguely religious faith, on a lot of feeling great, abstractly poetic. Their religion is like a final test of what constitutes deification humanity in men. That is the opposite of the work we do. In view of human freedom, human dignity and human prosperity, we must remove the sky goods stolen from the earth to return to earth, while striving to make a new religiously heroic larceny, they want On the contrary, return back to heaven, that divine robber unmasked today-last turn to coat the daring wickedness and scientific analysis of free-thinkers, "all that mankind has the largest, most beautiful, more noble.
I think, no doubt, that, to enjoy greater authority among men, ideas and human affairs should be vested with a divine sanction. How is announced that penalty? Not by a miracle or positive religions, but by the greatness or the holiness of the ideas and the things that is great, what is beautiful, what is noble, whatever is right, is reputed divine . In this new religious cult every man who is inspired by these ideas, in these things, becomes a priest, immediately consecrated by God Himself. What proof? It is the very greatness of the ideas expressed, and the things you do: no need for another. They are so holy that may have been inspired not only by God.
That is, in short, his whole philosophy, philosophy feelings, not of real thoughts, a kind and metaphysical pietism. This seems innocent, but it is not, and the doctrine very precise, very narrow and very dry which is hidden under the intangible wave of these poetic forms leads to the same disastrous results that all positive religions, ie, denial fuller freedom and dignity.
proclaim as divine all that is great, just, noble and beautiful in humanity is recognized, implicitly, that humanity would have been unable to produce itself, which is to say that left to itself nature is miserable, iniquitous, vile and ugly. Here we are returned to the essence of all religion, ie, the vilification of humanity for the greater glory of divinity. And from the moment they are admitted to the natural inferiority of man and his profound inability to lift itself out of any divine inspiration, to the just and true ideas, it is necessary to admit also all the consequences of ideological, political, social and religions positive. From the moment that God, being perfect and supreme turns against humanity, divine intermediaries, the elect, the inspired of God come to earth to enlighten, guide and govern in their name to the human species human species.
Could not believe that all men are equally inspired by God? Then there would be no need for intermediaries, no doubt. But this assumption is impossible, because it is too contradicted by the facts. Would need to then attribute to divine inspiration all the absurdities and errors that occur, and all the horrors, the clumsiness, cowardice and foolishness committed in the human world. Accordingly, nothing in this world that few men divinely inspired. These are the great men of history, the virtuous geniuses as the illustrious Italian citizen and prophet, Giuseppe Mazzini. Immediately inspired by God and based on universal consent expressed by popular suffrage and Popo-Dio-, are called to govern human society.
Here we are again in the church and the state. It is true that in this new organization, established, as all the old political organizations, by the grace of God, but supported this time, at least in form, by way of a necessary concession to the modern spirit, and as in the preambles of imperial decree of Napoleon III, on the will (fictional) town, the church will not be called as church, school will be called. But on the banks of the campus does not sit only children: is the eternal child, the school recognized forever incapable of having their exams, to rise to the science teachers and to dispense with their discipline: the people. The State will not be called as monarchy, republic called, but it will still be state, ie relarmente official guardianship established by a minority of competent men, men of genius or talent, virtuous, to monitor and guide the conduct of that great incorrigible and enfant terrible: the People. School teachers and government officials will be Republican, but why not be less tutors, shepherds, and the people will remain what it has been ever so far: a herd. Beware therefore with the shearers, for where there is a herd, there will necessarily also shearers and profiteers of the flock.
The people in that system, will be the school and pupil eternal. Although entirely fictitious sovereignty, continue to serve as a tool to thoughts, desires and therefore also to the interests that will not be yours. Between this situation and we call freedom, true freedom, but a chasm. There will, under new forms, the old oppression and the old slavery, where slavery exists are the misery, the stultifying, the true realization of society, both the privileged classes and the masses.
Al deify human things the idealists always come to the triumph of a brutal materialism. And this for a reason simple: the divine evaporates and rises to his homeland, the heaven and the earth is only so brutal.
If idealism in theory is a necessary consequence most brutal materialism in practice or, indeed, for those who preach in good faith, the result is ordinary to see them attacked, sterility all their efforts, but for those who strive to make their precepts in life, for the whole society, while it leaves dominated by idealistic doctrines.
To demonstrate this general fact may seem strange at first, but that is explained when we reflect more generally, no shortage of historical evidence.
Compare the last two ancient world civilizations, the Greek civilization and Roman civilization. What is the most materialistic civilization, the most natural point of departure and the most humane and ideal in its results? Greek civilization.
What is on the contrary, more abstractly ideal in its point of departure that sacrifices freedom of man material ideal freedom of citizens, represented by the abstraction of legal right, and the natural development of society to the abstraction of State and what is the most brutal in its consequences. The Roman civilization, no doubt. Greek civilization, like all ancient civilizations, including that of Rome, has been purely national basis and has been for slavery. But despite these two great historical faults, has designed and conducted under the idea of \u200b\u200bhumanity, and actually ennobled and idealized the life of men has transformed human herds into free associations of free men, has created the science arts, poetry, philosophy and the first notions immortal human respect for freedom. With the political and social freedom has created free thought. And at the end of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, it was enough that some Greek emigrants bring some of his books immortal resurrected Italy to life, freedom, thought, humanity, buried in the dark dungeon of Catholicism. Human emancipation, that is the name of Greek civilization. And the name of the Roman civilization? Is conquest, with all its brutal consequences. And your last word? The omnipotence of the Caesars. It is the debasement and enslavement of nations and of men.
And even today, what is it that kills, what crushes brutally, materially, in all European countries, freedom and humanity? It is the triumph of the Caesarian or Roman principle.
Compare now two modern civilization: the civilization Italian and German civilization. The first is, undoubtedly, as the general, materialism, and the second represents the contrary, all that is most abstract, most pure and transcendent idealism. Let's see what are the practical fruits of them both.
Italy has already rendered immense services to the cause of human emancipation. It was the first who raised and widely applied the principle of freedom in Europe, which gave humanity its titles of nobility: industry, trade, poetry, art, positive science, free thinking. Crushed after three centuries of imperial despotism and potatoes, and dragged through the mud by his ruling bourgeoisie appears today, is indeed very listless compared with what it has been. And yet, what a difference when compared with Germany! In Italy, despite this decline, we expect passenger, you can live and breathe humanly, freely, surrounded by people who seem to have been born for freedom. Italy-even the bourgeoisie can proudly show men as Mazzini and Garibaldi. In Germany one breathes the atmosphere of an immense political and social slavery, philosophically explained and accepted by a great people with a resignation and a willingness reflective. His heroes-speak always of present Germany, not the Germany of the future, of the German nobility, bureaucrats, politicians and bourgeois, not proletarian Germany are anything but Mazzini and Garibaldi are now William I, the ferocious and ingenuous representative of the Protestant God, are Mr. Bismarck and Moltke, Generals Manteufel Werder. In all their international relations from Germany there has been slowly, systematically invading, conquering, has always been willing to extend over the neighboring towns their own voluntary submission, and after it has become unitary power became a threat , a danger to freedom in Europe. The name of Germany today is servility brutal and triumphant.
To show how theoretical idealism incessantly and fatally transformed into practical materialism, there is no better than quote the example of all Christian churches, and naturally, and above all, of the Apostolic and Roman Church. What more sublime, in the ideal sense, more disinterested, more separate from all the interests of this earth that the doctrine of Christ preached by the church, and what's more brutally materialistic than the constant practice of the same Church since the eighth century, when initially established as a power? What has been and what is still the main object of all litigation against the rulers of Europe? Temporal goods, the revenues of the church first, then the temporal power, the political privileges of the church. It must do justice to that church has been the first to discover in modern history truism, but very un-Christian, that wealth and economic power and political oppression of the masses are the two terms are inseparable from the realm of divine ideality on earth: wealth to consolidate and increase the power always discover and create new sources of wealth, both to ensure better than the martyrdom and faith of the apostles, and better than divine grace, the success of Christian propaganda. It is a historical truth that Protestant churches do not know either. I speak of course of the independent churches of England, U.S. and Switzerland, not the subject of German churches. These are not his own initiative; do what their masters, their temporal sovereigns, who are both spiritual leaders, ordering them to do. It is known that the Protestant propaganda, that of England and the United States particularly, relates closely to a propaganda material interests, trade, these two great nations, and we also know that this latest propaganda is not intended in any way the enrichment and material prosperity of the countries entering, accompanied by the word of God, but rather the exploitation of those countries, in view of enhancing and growing material prosperity of certain classes highly exploitative and very pious at the same time, in their own country.
In short, it is difficult to prove, history in hand, the church, all churches, Christian and non Christian spiritualist with his propaganda, and probably to accelerate and consolidate their success, have never neglected organization of large companies to the economic exploitation of the masses, the work of the masses under the direct protection and special blessing of a deity either, that all States, in its origin, as is known, there have been, all political and legal institutions and their dominant and privileged classes, no more than temporary branches of those churches have also had major concerns over that the same operation for the benefit of minorities lay indirectly legitimized by the church, and that in general the action of the good God and all God's ideals on earth has ended forever and everywhere, in founding the prosperous materialism the small number of fanatical idealism constantly excited the masses.
What we see today is a new test. With the exception of those great hearts and great minds lost those I have named, who are now the fiercest defenders of idealism? First of all the sovereign courts. In France were Napoleon III and his wife Eugenia, are all ministers of the past, courtiers and ex-marshals, from Rouher and Bazaine to Fleury and Pietri, are the men and women of the imperial world, they also have idealized and saved France. Are these journalists and those wise: the Cassagnac, the Girardin, the Duvemois, the Veuillot, the Leverrier, of Dumas. It is finally the black phalanx of Jesuits and tunic all it is all the nobility and the entire upper and middle bourgeoisie of France. They are doctrinaire liberals and liberals without doctrine: the Guizot, Thiers, the Jules Favre, the Jules Simon, all fierce defenders of bourgeois exploitation. In Prussia, in Germany, William I, the true current demonstrator good God on the earth are all generals, all his officers Pomeranians and other all his army, strong in his religious faith, just conquered France in the ideal manner known. In Russia the Tsar and his court, are Muravief and Berg, all pious converters cutthroats and Poland. Everywhere, in short, idealism, religious or philosophical one but not more or less free translation of the other, "serves as a flag to the bloody and brutal force, the blatant exploitation material, while at Otherwise, the flag of theoretical materialism, the red flag of economic equality and social justice, has been raised by the practical idealism of the oppressed and hungry, they tend to perform more greater freedom and human rights of everyone in the brotherhood of all men on earth.
Who are the true idealists, not idealistic abstraction, but of life, not of heaven but on earth, and who are the materialists? Clearly
theoretical or divine idealism is the sacrifice of essential logic of human reason, the renunciation of science. It is, moreover, that in defending the doctrines of an idealist is necessarily drawn to match the oppressors and exploiters of the masses. Here are two big reasons that seemed sufficient to ward off duty every great spirit of idealism, every great heart. How is it that our illustrious contemporary idealists, who certainly is not the spirit or the heart, or what they lack good will, and who have devoted their entire existence in the service of humanity, how it is bent on remain in the ranks of the representatives of a doctrine henceforth condemned and disgraced?
They need to be driven to it by a very powerful reason. They can be neither logic nor science, because science and logic have pronounced their verdict against the idealistic doctrine. There can be no personal interests, because those men infinitely above everything that has a name of interest. It should be a powerful moral reason. What? No more one-those illustrious men think, without doubt, that idealistic theories or beliefs are essentially necessary for the dignity and moral greatness of man, and that materialistic theories, on the contrary, I stoop to the level of animals .
What if the truth was the opposite?
All development, I have said, implies the denial of the starting point. The point of departure, as the materialistic school, is material, and denial must necessarily be ideal. Based on the totality of the real world, or what is called an abstract matter, it logically arrives at the real idealization, ie, humanization, a full and complete emancipation of society. On the contrary, and for the same reason, ideal starting point for the idealistic school, that school comes inevitably to the realization of society, the organization of a brutal despotism and an iniquitous and ignoble exploitation, under the form of church and state. The historical development of man as the materialistic school, is a gradual ascent, in the ideal system, there can be a continuous fall.
In any human question you want considered, there is always the same essential contradiction between the two schools. Therefore, as I pointed out already, the materialism of the animal to constitute humanity idealism of the divinity to be slavery and condemn the masses for a bestiality end. Materialism denies free will and comes to the constitution of liberty, of idealism, on behalf of human dignity, proclaims freedom of choice and on the ruins of every liberty founds authority. Materialism rejects the principle of authority because he believes, rightly, as the corollary of animality, and, on the contrary, the triumph of humanity, which he said is the purpose and thrust of the story, it is more feasible that freedom. In a word, in any matter will find the idealists in the act always materialism practical, while, conversely, will see the materialists pursuing and realizing the aspirations, ideals widely thoughts.
History in the system of the idealists, I have said, can not be more than a continuous fall. They start with a terrible fall, which does not ever get back up: by the somersault divine sublime regions of pure idea, absolutely, to matter. Observed even in what subject: not a matter eternally active and mobile, full of properties and forces of life and intelligence, as presented to us in the real world but in the abstract field, impoverished, reduced to penury absolute rule by the looting of those Prussians thinking, ie, those theologians and metaphysicians that desproveyeron give everything to their emperor, to his God in this matter which, deprived of all property of every action and every movement of its own, no longer represents, in opposition to the divine idea, rather than stupidity, impenetrability, inertia and immobility.
As an anarchist I feel bound to express my condemnation against everything that threatens the freedom of man. Religion is one of those things, one of those agencies that uses fear and false promises to take pasatorearlos beings and like a shepherd with his sheep. Religion in other words is the deprivation of the power of man's intelligence, forming a cloak of fear and dreams, of which some are used to taparles eyes to others and have the lives and liberties at will.
-Anarko_Charrúa-
Here is an important text, God and the rule of Bakunin, one of the most renowned philosophers, anarchists:
God and the State
Who is right, the idealists or the materialists? And once raised the question, hesitation becomes impossible. Undoubtedly the idealists are mistaken and / or the materialists are right. Yes, the facts are before ideas; the ideal, as Proudhon said, no more than a flower of which are real material conditions of existence. All intellectual and moral history, social policy and humanity is a reflection of its economic history.
All branches of modern science, conscientious and serious, converge to the proclamation that large, the fundamental and decisive truth: the social world, the purely human world, humanity, in a word, is not simply the last and supreme development for us at least relative to our planet, "The demonstration highest animality. But as every development necessarily implies a negation of the base or starting point, humanity is at the same time and essentially a denial, thoughtful and progressive denial of animality in men, and it is this denial as rational as natural, and is not rational because it is more natural, historical, and logical, fatal as are the developments and achievements of all natural laws in the world, that constitutes and creates the ideal, the world of intellectual and moral convictions and ideas.
Our early ancestors, our Adams and your evas, were, if not gorillas, at least very close cousins \u200b\u200bthe gorillas, omnivorous, intelligent and ferocious animals, endowed an infinitely greater degree than all other animal species, two precious faculties: the faculty of thinking and faculty, the need to rebel.
These two faculties, combining their progressive action in history, represent properly the "factor", the look, the negative power in the positive development of human animality, and create therefore all that constitutes humanity in men.
The Bible, a book is very interesting and sometimes very profound when considered as one of the oldest manifestations of wisdom and human imagination that have come before us, expresses this truth in a very naive in his myth original sin. LORD, all the good gods have been worshiped by men is certainly the most jealous, the most vain, the fiercest, the most unjust, the bloodiest, the most despotic and most enemy of dignity and human freedom, which created Adam and Eve do not know what whim (no doubt to deceive his boredom to be to be terrible in his eternal egoistic solitude, to procure new slaves), had generously placed at their disposal all the earth with all its fruits and all the animals, and had not made the full enjoyment rather than a limit. I had expressly forbidden to touch the fruit of the tree of knowledge. Wanted man, deprived of all consciousness of himself, to remain an eternal animal provided with four legs before the eternal God, creator his master. But behold, Satan, the eternal rebel, the first freethinker and the emancipator of worlds. Man ashamed of his ignorance of his obedience; the emancipation and stamps upon his brow the seal of liberty and humanity, in urging him to disobey and eat the fruit of science.
else is known. Good God, which is an innate knowledge of the divine powers ought to have that happen, however, became angry and ridiculously terrible, cursed Satan, man and the world created by him and hurt himself, so to speak, in his own creation, as children do when they get angry and not content with smiting our ancestors in this, he cursed in all generations to come, innocent of the crime committed by them. Our Catholic and Protestant theologians find that it is very profound and very just, precisely because is monstrously iniquitous and absurd. Then, remembering that it was not only a God of vengeance and anger, but a God of love, after having tormented the existence of some thousands of poor people and if any condemned to an eternal hell, took pity on the rest and to save to reconcile his eternal and divine love with his eternal and divine anger always greedy for victims and blood, sent into the world, as an expiatory victim, his only son to be killed by men. This is called the mystery of redemption, basis of all Christian religions. And if the divine Savior had saved the world even human! But no, in the paradise promised by Christ, you know, since it announced solemnly that or there will be more than a few elected. The rest, the vast majority of present and future, will burn eternally in hell. Meanwhile, console us, God, always fair, always good, handing the land to the government of Napoleon III, the William I, of Ferdinand of Austria and Alexander of all the Russias.
Such are the absurd tales that are reported and these are the monstrous doctrines taught in the nineteenth century, popular schools in all of Europe, on the express orders of governments. That's called civilizing the people! Is it not obvious that all these governments are systematic poisoners, the stultifying stakeholders of the masses?
I have been swept away from my subject, for the anger that comes over me whenever I think of the ignoble and criminal means used to keep nations in eternal slavery, to be depleted better, no doubt. What do the crimes of all the world Tropmann in the presence of such a crime against humanity that are committed daily, in broad daylight, the entire surface of the civilized world, by those who dare to call parents / guardians and people? Back to the myth of original sin.
reason God gave Satan and the devil or acknowledged that he deceived Adam and Eve promising science and freedom as a reward from the act of disobedience that had led them to commit, because as soon as they had eaten the forbidden fruit, God himself said (see Bible): "Behold, man has become a of us know the good and evil; impidámosle, then eat the fruit of eternal life, so do not immortal like us. "
Let us now leave aside the part deriving from stories of this myth and consider its meaning true. The meaning is very clear. The man is emancipated, has separated from the animal and is incorporated as a man, has begun its history and human development itself an act of disobedience and science, ie the rebellion and by thought.
Three elements or, if you will, three fundamental principles constitute the essential conditions of all human development, both collectively and individually, in history: 1 human animality; 2 nd thought, and 3 the default. The first is more properly the social and private economy, the second, science, and the third, freedom.
Idealists of all schools, aristocrats and bourgeois, theologians and metaphysicians, politicians and moralists, religious philosophers and poets, not forgetting the liberal economists, wild worshipers from ideal, as is known, was much offended when told man, with all his magnificent intelligence, his sublime ideas and endless aspirations, is, like everything else in the world, rather than matter, more than a product of vile matter.
might reply that the matter-matter materialists speak spontaneously and eternally mobile, active, productive chemical material or organically determined and manifested by the properties or mechanical forces, physical, or intelligent animals that are inherent in force- has nothing in common with the vile matter of the idealists. This latest product of their false abstraction, is indeed a stupid, lifeless, motionless, incapable of the least of things a caput mortem, a creeping away from that beautiful imagination imagination to call God, Supreme Being to which a material, the latter of them, stripped themselves of everything that constitutes the real nature, necessarily represents supreme Nothing. Have taken a matter of intelligence, life, all the determining qualities, active relations or forces, the movement itself, without which the matter would not even heavy, leaving no more than the weightlessness and absolute immobility in space; have attributed all these forces, property and natural events, the imaginary being created by your abstract fantasy, then twisting the paper, have called this product your imagination, this phantom, this God is the Nothing, "the Supreme Being." Therefore declared that the real being, matter, the world is nothingness. After that come to seriously say that this matter is unable to reduce anything, not even to get moving by itself, and therefore must have been created by God.
In another paper I have laid bare the absurdities that are truly repulsive is fatally led by the imagination of a God, be personal, be creative and computer worlds, is impersonal and considered as a kind of divine soul spread throughout the universe, which constitute the eternal principle, or as indefinite and divine idea, provided present and active in the world and always expressed by all materials and finite beings. Here I draw attention to a single point.
is perfectly conceived future development of the material world, as well as organic life, animal, and historically progressive intelligence, individual and social, of human beings in the world. It is a completely natural movement from the simple to the complex, from the bottom up or from lower to higher, a move according to all our daily experiences, and therefore, as well as our natural logic, to the laws of our spirit, that, never conformed and unable further developed with the help of these same experiences, it is, so to speak, rather than the mental reproduction, cerebral, or reflective summary.
idealists system presents the complete opposite. Is the absolute condition of all human experiences and that common sense is universal and essential condition for Human entente and, rising from the simple truth so universally acknowledged that two plus two equals four, even the most sublime scientific considerations and more complicated, not acknowledging the other hand never anything but severely confirmed by experience or observation of things or acts, is the only serious basis of human knowledge.
Instead of following the natural path from the bottom up, and the lower to the upper and the relatively simple to complicated, instead of accompanying prudent, rational, progressive and real movement in the world called inorganic to the organic world, plant, then animal, and then specifically human, of chemical matter or chemical to be living matter or living being, and being alive to be thinking, idealists, obsessed, blinded and impelled by the divine phantom have inherited from the theology, take the road quite the opposite. Are from top to bottom, from the higher to lower, from complicated to simple. They begin with God, either as a person, whether as substance or divine idea, and the first step to take is a terrible flip from the sublime heights of the eternal ideal into the mire of the material world of absolute perfection to imperfection absolute thought to be, or rather the Supreme Being to Nothingness . When, how and why the divine, eternal, infinite, absolutely perfect, probably weary of himself, has decided to jump mortale desperate, that is what no idealist, no theologian, nor metaphysical, or poet has understood never himself or explain to the uninitiated.
All religions past and present and all systems of transcendental philosophy roll on this one or wicked mystery. Holy men, inspired legislators, prophets, Messiah, searched him and found no life but the torture and death. As the ancient Sphinx, has eaten, because they could not explain. Great philosophers from Heraclitus and Plato to Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, not to mention the Indian philosophers, have written heaps of volumes and systems have been so ingenious as sublime, in which said step many beautiful and great things and found immortal truths, but have left this mystery, the main object of their transcendental investigations, as unfathomable as it had been before them. But since the gigantic efforts as the most admirable geniuses that the world knows and that for thirty centuries at least have taken time and again that work of Sisyphus, but have not completed the greatest misunderstanding of this mystery yet, can we expect that it will be discovered today on speculation a disciple routine pedantic metaphysics artificially overheated and that in a time when all living spirits and serious they have deviated from this science understandable, arising from a transaction, historically explicable without doubt one of the irrationality of faith and sound scientific reason?
is evident that this terrible mystery is inexplicable, that is, it's absurd, because the absurdity is the only thing that is not can explain. It is clear that the one who needs it for his happiness, for life must renounce his reason and, returning, if you can, to naive, blind, stupid, repeat with Tertullian and all sincere believers these words sum the very quintessence of theology: Credoquia absurdum. Then all discussion stops, and nothing remains but the triumphant stupidity of faith. But then it also promotes another question: How can a man be born intelligent and educated the need to believe in this mystery?
that belief in God the Creator, computer and judge, cursing, savior and benefactor of the world has been preserved in the village, and especially rural populations much more so than in the urban proletariat, just natural. The people, unfortunately, is still very ignorant, and is kept in ignorance by the systematic efforts of all governments, who consider this ignorance, not without reason, as one of the most essential conditions of its own power. Overwhelmed by their daily work, deprived of leisure, intellectual commerce, reading, in short, almost all media and much of the stimulants that develop thought in men, people often accept uncritically and all religious traditions, wrapping from his birth in all the circumstances of his life, and artificially maintained within it a multitude of official poisoners of all sorts, priests and laity, he become a sort of moral mental habit, too often more powerful than his natural good sense.
There is another reason and that somehow justifies the absurd beliefs of the people. It is the miserable situation that is fatally condemned by the economic organization of society in most civilized countries of Europe. Reduced, intellectually and morally and in their material to a minimum of human existence, locked in his life as a prisoner in his prison, without horizon, without outlet, without future itself, if you believe the economists, the people should have the soul and instinct singularly narrow flattened the bourgeoisie for not feel the need to leave that state, but for that there are only three ways, two of them illusory and real third. The first two are the brothel and the church, debauchery of the body and the licentiousness of the soul, the third is social revolution. Where the latter only conclude that much more unless all freethinkers theoretical propaganda will be able to destroy even the same signs of religious beliefs and habits of disarray in the village, beliefs and habits that are more closely related than you think, that replaces the pleasures at once illusory and the brutal licentiousness and spiritual body, of the joys as delicate as real humanity fully realized in each one of us and all the social revolution will only have the power to close at the same time all the brothels and all the churches.
Until then, the people, taken en masse, believe, and if you have no reason to believe, have at least the right.
There is a category of people who, whether he believes, should at least pretend to believe. Are all the tormentors, all the oppressors and exploiters of all humanity. Priests, monarchs, statesmen, men of war, public and private financiers, officials of all species, police, jailers and executioners, monopolists, capitalists, entrepreneurs and owners, lawyers, economists, politicians of all colors, to the last dealer, all repeated in unison the words of Voltaire: If God did not exist
should inventory. Because you will understand that it needs a religion for the people. Is the safety valve.
There is, in short, a fairly large category of honest souls, but weak, too smart to take the Christian dogmas seriously, reject them in detail but have neither the courage nor the strength nor the necessary resolution total rejection. Leave your criticism all the absurdities particular religion, make fun of all miracles, but they cling desperately to the absurd main source of all others, the miracle that explains and justifies all the other miracles, the existence of God. Your God is not being strong and powerful, the God of theology brutally positive. It is a nebulous, diaphanous, illusory, so that when you create an illusion becomes Nothing felt it is a miracle, an ignis fatuus neither hot nor light. And yet, say and believe that if they disappear, disappear around him. Souls are uncertain, sickly, disoriented in modern civilization, which belong neither to present nor the future, pale phantoms eternally suspended between heaven and earth, and that bourgeois political deal between the proletariat and socialism quite the same position. They do not feel strongly or to think to the end, or to want or to solve, and waste their time and their work always striving to reconcile the irreconcilable. In public life are called bourgeois socialists.
No discussion with them or against them is possible. They're too sick.
But a small number of illustrious men, of whom no one will dare to speak without respect, and which no doubt will think or vigorous health, strength of mind, or good faith. Suffice it to mention the names of Mazzini, Michelet, of Quinet, John Stuart Mill generous and strong souls, great hearts, great minds, great writers and the first revolutionary heroic rescuer of a nation, are all apostles of idealism and passionate adversaries of materialism, and hence also the socialism, philosophy and politics.
is with them that we need to discuss this issue.
us check first that none of the great men I just mentioned, nor any other idealistic thinker somewhat important of our time, has addressed itself to the logic of this issue. None has been addressed philosophically the possibility of divine mortale jump eternal and pure regions of the spirit into the mire of the material world. "They are afraid to deal with this insoluble contradiction and despair of failed resolve after the greatest geniuses of history, or to have been considered as sufficiently settled already? It's his secret. The fact is that they have put aside the theoretical demonstration of the existence of a God, and have developed just that the reasons and the practical consequences of it. They talked about it all as a universally accepted fact and as such impossible to become the subject of any doubt, limiting, for any evidence to verify the old and the very universality of belief in God.
This unanimity imposing, in the opinion of many illustrious men and writers, and to cite only the most renowned of them, as eloquently expressed the opinion of Joseph de Maistre and the great Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini, is worth more than all the demonstrations of science; and if the idea of \u200b\u200ba small number of thinkers consistent and still very powerful, but isolated, it is contrary, the worse, they say, for these thinkers and their logic, because the general consent, the adoption of a universal and ancient idea have been considered at all times as the most successful test of its truth. The feeling around the world, a conviction that is provided and maintained everywhere, could not be deceived. Must be rooted in an absolute necessity in the nature of man. And since it was established that all peoples past and present have believed and believe in the existence of God is evident that those who have the misfortune to doubt it, whatever the logic that has been dragged into this question are abnormal exceptions, monsters.
So antiquity and universality of a belief would be, against all science and against all logic and irreducible sufficient proof of its truth. Why?
to the century of Copernicus and Galileo, everybody had thought that the sun revolved around of the Earth. Do not be fooled everyone? Is there something more ancient and more universal than slavery? Perhaps cannibalism. Since the origin of the historical society to this day there was always and everywhere forced labor exploitation of the masses, slaves, servants or employees for any dominant minority, the oppression of peoples by church and state. Should we conclude that this exploitation and oppression that absolutely needs to be inherent to the very existence of human society?. Behold examples showing that the arguments of the lawyers of the good Lord does not prove anything.
Nothing is in fact so universal and as old as unjust and absurd, and, conversely, are true justice which, in the development of human societies, are less universal and younger, which explains also the constant historical phenomenon unprecedented persecution that have been and continue to suffer those who the claim, first by the official representatives, and interested patented beliefs "universal" and "old" and often also by those same masses of people who, after having tormented, just always take and win their ideas.
for us materialists and Revolutionary Socialists, there is nothing that surprised us or frighten us into this phenomenon history. Strong in our conscience, our love of truth, at that passion logic that is itself a great power, and apart from which there is no thought, strong in our passion for justice and our abiding faith in the triumph of bestiality humanity on all theoretical practice; strong, finally, trust and mutual support are provided to the small number of those who share our convictions, we resign ourselves to all the consequences of this historical phenomenon, in we see the manifestation of a social law as natural, as necessary and as invariable as all other laws that govern the world.
This law is a logical, inevitable, the animal origin of human society now, against all scientific, psychological, historical, that have accumulated in our day, as well as on the events of German conquest of France, giving today a brilliant demonstration of this, you can not truly doubt the reality of that origin. But from the moment it is accepted that animal origin of man, explains everything. The story appears to us, then, as the revolutionary negation either slow, apathetic, numb, either passionate and powerful in the past. Is precisely the progressive denial of animality of man by first unfolding of their humanity. The man, fierce animal, a cousin of the gorilla, has deep night party animal instinct to reach the light of the spirit, which explains in a natural way all his past digressions, and comforts us in some of their errors are present. Has come from animal slavery and after slavery through the divine, the term transitional between his animality and his humanity, today launched the conquest and the realization of human freedom. With the result that the antiquity of a belief, an idea, far from proving anything in its favor, must, on the contrary, let us suspicious. Because behind us is our animality and before us the humanity and the human light, the only that can heat and light, which alone can emancipate ourselves, makes us worthy, free, happy, and the realization of brotherhood among us does not at first, but, relative to the period in which they live, at the end of the story. Do not look, therefore, never back, always look forward because forward is our sun and our salvation, and if allowed, if useful and necessary to turn our view to the study of our past, is nothing more than to see what we have been and what we should be more, we've thought and thought and what not to believe or think what we have done and what not to do again.
This in regard to seniority. As for the universality of an error, does not prove one thing: the similarity, if not the perfect identity of human nature in all times and under all climates. And since it has been proven that people of all periods of his life have believed and still believe in God, we simply conclude that the divine idea, out of ourselves, is an error historically necessary in the development of humanity and ask why and how it has produced in history, why the vast majority of the human species is still accepted as truth.
While we can not realize the way there was the idea of \u200b\u200ba supernatural and divine world and how fatally due place in the historical development of human consciousness can be scientifically convinced of the absurdity of that idea, but never get to destroy the majority opinion. In effect we will be unable to attack in the depths of the human being, where he was born, and convicted of fruitless struggle, and endless end, we are content to always fight only on the surface, in its many manifestations, which absurd, just down from the beating of common sense, immediately reborn in a new form no less foolish. Persist while the root of all the absurdities that torment the world, belief in God remains intact, do not cease to take new shoots. Thus, in our days, in certain regions of the highest society, Spiritualism tends to settle on the ruins of Christianity.
not only in the interests of the masses, but also the salvation of our own minds we must bring ourselves to understand the historical genesis of the idea of \u200b\u200bGod, the succession of cases that were developed this idea in the minds of men. We say and believe ourselves Atheists: while we have not included these cases, we leave more or less dominate the cries of the universal consciousness that we have not caught the secret, and, given the natural weakness of the individual, even the strongest to the powerful influence of social environment that surrounds it, is always the risk of falling back sooner or later, and in one way or another, into the abyss of religious absurdity. The shameful examples and such conversions are common in today's society.
I already mentioned the main practical reason even today the power exercised by religious beliefs on the masses. These provisions do not imply mystical itself as an aberration of mind as a deep discontent of the heart. It is the instinctive and passionate protest of the human being against the narrowness, the dullness, the pain and the shame of a miserable existence. Against this disease, I said, there is no a remedy: the social revolution.
Meanwhile, other times I tried to explain the reasons which governed the emergence and historical development of religious hallucinations in man's consciousness. Here I do not treat this question of the existence of God or the divine origin of the world and man, rather than from the point of view of their moral and social utility, and the theoretical reason for this belief will not say more than a few words, in order to better explain my thoughts.
All religions, with their gods, demigods and their prophets, their Messiah and His saints, have been created by the credulous fancy of men, not yet reached full development and the full possession of his mental faculties, in consequence of which, the religious heaven is nothing but a miracle which man, exalted by ignorance and faith, he rediscovers his own image, but enlarged and changeling is say, deified. The history of religions, the birth, grandeur and decadence of the gods that occurred in human belief, is nothing more than the development of intelligence and the collective conscience of men. As in its historic march down, caught, either in themselves or in external nature, strength, quality or any defects, they attributed to their gods, after having exaggerated expanded enormously, as do children usually, by an act of religious fantasy. Thanks to his modesty and generosity that godly men and gullible believers, heaven has been enriched by the spoils of the land, and a necessary consequence, the richer it became the sky, became more miserable land. Once installed the deity, was naturally proclaimed the cause, reason, the absolute arbiter and dispenser of all things: the world was not nothing, divinity was everything, and man, his real creator, after having out of nothing without realizing it, he knelt before her, adored and proclaimed his creature and his slave.
Christianity is precisely the religion par excellence, because it exposes and manifests in its fullness, nature, the essence of every religious system, which is the impoverishment, enslavement, annihilation of humanity for the benefit of divinity . Being God
all, the real world and man are nothing. God being truth, justice, goodness, beauty, power and life, man is falsehood, iniquity, evil, ugliness, impotence and death. God being master, man is the slave. Unable to find himself justice, truth and eternal life can not reach them only through a divine revelation. But whoever says revelation says developers, Messiahs, prophets, priests and legislators inspired by God himself, and after those recognized as representatives of divinity on earth, as the saints institutors of humanity, chosen by God himself to direct the path of salvation, must exercise necessarily an absolute power. All men owe them passive and unlimited obedience, because against the divine reason there is no human reason and against the justice of God no terrestrial justice are maintained. Slaves of God, men should be also of the church and state, while the latter is embodied by the church. That is what Christianity understood better than all the religions that exist or have existed, not excepting the ancient Eastern religions, which, moreover, have not only covered specific and privileged people, while Christianity is the claim to encompass all humanity, and that is what, of all Christian sects, only Roman Catholicism has proclaimed and realized with a rigorous result. That is why Christianity is the absolute religion, the last religion, and the Apostolic and Roman Church the only consistent, legitimate, and divine.
That does not seem bad to the metaphysicians and religious idealists, philosophers, politicians and poets: the idea of \u200b\u200bGod implies the abdication of human reason and human justice, is the negation more critical of human liberty and necessarily leads to slavery men, both in theory and in practice. Less than wanting
slavery and the degradation of men, how they want the Jesuits, how they want the monks, the Methodist Protestant pietistic or not we can, we must not make the slightest concession or the God of theology or the of metaphysics because in this mystical alphabet, begins by saying that A Z telling must end fatally, and he who wants to worship God must, no puerile illusions, bravely renounce his liberty and humanity.
If God exists, man is a slave, however, man can and should be free, therefore God does not exist.
Challenge to whoever out of that circle, and now choose.
Do I need to remember how much and how religions brutalize and corrupt the people? Kill them the reason, the principal instrument of human emancipation, and reduce them to imbecility, the essential condition of their slavery. They dishonor human labor, and make him a sign and a source of bondage. Kill the notion and sense of human justice, making always tip the scales in favor of rogues triumphant privileged objects of divine grace. Kill the pride and dignity, protecting not only to the crawling and those who humble themselves. Drown in the heart of the people all sense of human fraternity, filling it with divine cruelty.
All religions are cruel, they are all based on the blood, for all rest principally on the idea of \u200b\u200bsacrifice, ie on the perpetual immolation of humanity to the insatiable vengeance of divinity. In this bloody mystery man is always the victim and the priest, too, but men privileged by grace is the divine executioner. That explains why the priests of all religions, the best, most humane, the mildest, almost always at the bottom of his heart, and if not in the heart in his mind, in spirit (and you know formidable influence that other exercise on the heart of men) - why is, say, the feelings of every priest some cruel and bloodthirsty.
All this, our illustrious contemporary idealists know better than anyone. Men are wise and know the story by heart, and as are both living men, great souls penetrated by a deep and sincere love for the good of humanity, have cursed and railed all these effects, all these crimes of religion unparalleled eloquence. They reject with indignation all solidarity with the God of positive religions and their representatives past and present on Earth.
The God they worship or believe worship is distinguished precisely the real gods of history, where God is not a positive, or determined in any way, whether theological, either metaphysically. It is not the supreme being of Robespierre and Rousseau, or pantheistic God of Spinoza, even the God both transcendent and immanent and very ambiguity of Hegel. It take good care of him either a positive determination, feeling that any determination submit it to the solvent action of criticism. They will not say it if it is a personal God or impersonal, if you created or if you have not created the world, not even speak of divine providence. All that could compromise them. Be content with saying, "God" and nothing else. But what is their God? It is not even an idea, an aspiration.
is the generic name of what they think of, good, beautiful, noble, human. But why then say: "man"? Ah! is that King William of Prussia and Napoleon III and all his fellows are also men, and that is what most are pregnant. The real humble us all what is most sublime, more beautiful and all that is most vile and most monstrous in the world. How to get out of this quagmire? They call it a divine and other bestial, representing divinity and animality as two poles between which is placed humanity. Not or can not take these three terms are not more than one and if they are separated they are destroyed.
They are strong in logic, and it seemed to despise. Is that what distinguishes them from the metaphysical and deists, and what gives his ideas the character of a practical idealism, drawing its inspiration much less severe development of thinking, which experiences almost say the emotions, both historical and collective and individual life. That gives their propaganda an appearance of wealth and vital power, but seemingly only because life itself becomes sterile when paralyzed by a logical contradiction.
Contradiction is this: love God and want to humanity. Persist in putting together these two terms, which, once separated, can not find it more than to destroy each other. They say in one breath: "God and human freedom," "God and the dignity, justice, equality, fraternity and prosperity of men", without worrying about the fatal logic according to which, if God exists everything is doomed to nonexistence. Because if God exists necessarily the eternal master, supreme, absolute, and if there is a man's love slave, but if a slave, for he no justice or equality or fraternity and prosperity possible. May, contrary to common sense and all the experiences of history, his God lively burst of tenderest love of human liberty: a master, whatever you want and a liberal who wants to show, never ceases to be a master and its existence necessarily implies the slavery of everything that lies beneath it.
Therefore, if God existed, there would be more to him than a single means to serve human freedom no longer exist.
As jealous lover of human freedom and regarding it as the absolute condition of everything we love and respect in humanity, I reverse the phrase of Voltaire and say, if God really existed, would be made to disappear.
The severe logic tells me this words is too obvious to need need to further develop this argument. And it seems impossible that the illustrious men whom I mentioned, so celebrated and so justly respected, were not affected by it and have not noticed the contradiction in that fall to talk about God and human freedom at a time. To which have been overlooked, has been must have thought that this inconsistency or logical that such negligence was practically necessary for good of humanity.
Perhaps, too, to speak of freedom as a thing that is for them very respectable and very dear, will be understood differently to how we understand, we, material and social revolutionaries. In fact, do not talk about it without immediately adding another word, the authority, a word and a thing which we detest with all my heart.
What is authority? Is it the inevitable power of natural laws that are manifested in the chain and the fatal sequence of events, both in the physical world and social world? Indeed, against these laws, rebellion is not only forbidden, but it's impossible. We can not know or even know, but we can not disobey, because they constitute the basis and conditions of our existence envelop us, penetrate us, regulate all our movements, our thoughts and our actions; so that, even when we want to disobey, we only show their omnipotence.
Yes, we are absolutely the slaves of these laws. But there is nothing humiliating in this slavery. Because slavery is a foreign master, a legislator who is outside of him who commands, while these laws are not outside us, we are inherent, constitute our being, our whole being, both physical and intellectual and moral not live, we do not breathe, do not act, we do not, want not only through them. Out of them we are nothing, we are not. Where appropriate, therefore, our power and our will rebel against them?.
Facing no natural laws to man but one freedom possible: to recognize and implement increasingly under the order of emanation or humanization, both collectively and individually pursued. These laws, once recognized, they exercise an authority which is not discussed by the mass of men. Necessary, for example, be mad or theologian, or at least a metaphysician, a lawyer, or a bourgeois economist to rebel against the law according to which two plus two make four. You must have faith to imagine that no one will burn in the fire and not drown in the water, unless you resort to some subterfuge founded even on some other natural law. But these revolts, or rather those attempts these wild imaginings of a possible rebellion are not only very rare exception, because, in general, one can say that the mass of men in their daily lives, is left to govern in an almost absolute good sense, Which is to say by the sum of the generally recognized laws.
The great misfortune is that a lot of natural laws and recorded as such by science, remain unknown to the masses, thanks to the care of these tutelary governments that exist, as is known, rather than for the sake of peoples ... There is another problem: most of the natural laws inherent in the development of human society, and are also necessary invariable, fatal, and the laws that govern the physical world, have been duly noted and recognized by science itself.
Once they have been recognized first by science and that science, through an extensive system of popular education and instruction, have made the move into the consciousness of all, the question of freedom will be fully resolved. The most recalcitrant authoritarian must recognize that then there is no need for political organization or direction or legislation, three things that, whether emanating from the will of the sovereign, and as a result of the vote in a parliament elected by universal suffrage and even they are consistent with the system of natural laws-which did not take place ever and will never have place-are always equally fatal and contrary to freedom of the masses, because it imposes a set of external laws and therefore despotic.
freedom of man consists solely in this, that obeys natural laws because he has recognized as such and not because they have been externally imposed by a foreign will, either human or divine, collective or individual. Suppose
learned academy, composed of the most illustrious representatives of science, suppose that the academy is responsible for legislation, organization of society and that only Inspired by the pure love of truth, no more than laws dictate absolutely in keeping with the latest discoveries of science. Well, I pretend that this legislation and that organization will be an eyesore, and this for two reasons: First, because human science is always and necessarily imperfect, comparing what has been discovered with what remains to be discovered, we can say which is still in the crib. So that if he wanted to force the practical life of men, both collectively and individually, to comply strictly with only the latest data of science, would be condemned to the society and individuals to suffer martyrdom on the Procrustean bed that end up soon suffocated by dislocations and, since life is always infinitely broader than science.
The second reason is this: a society that obey the laws of a scientific academy, not because it has understood its reasonableness by itself (in which case the existence of the academy would be useless), but because such legislation, issued by the academy would be imposed in the name of a revered science without understanding it, would not a society of men, but of brutes. It would be a second edition of this poor republic of Paraguay that much time left to govern by the Society of Jesus. Such a society would still fall well early in the lowest degree of idiocy.
But there is another reason that makes it impossible for such a government: is that a scientific academy coated say that absolute sovereignty, even if we were composed by the most illustrious men, she would infallibly and soon to be corrupted morally and intellectually. This is today, with the few privileges they leave, the history of all academies. The greatest scientific genius, from the moment it becomes academic, official wisdom, patented, and inevitably falls asleep. He loses his spontaneity, his revolutionary audacity and uncomfortable and savage that energy that characterizes the nature of the great geniuses, ever called to destroy obsolete worlds and lay the foundations of new worlds. Earn certainly complimentary, utilitarian and practical wisdom, what it loses in power of thought. Decays, in a word.
's own privilege and of every privileged position to kill the spirit and heart of men. The privileged man, whether politically, economically, is a man intellectually and morally depraved. Here was a social law which admits of no exception, and that applies to entire nations as to classes for companies and individuals. It is the law of equality, the supreme condition of liberty and humanity. The main objective of this book is precisely develop and demonstrate the truth in every aspect of human life.
A scientific body which is entrusted with the government of society, will soon be dealing with anything not science, but a different matter, and that case, as with all the powers that be, will be to perpetuate itself same, making the company entrusted to their care becomes more and more stupid, and therefore more in need of his government and its leadership.
But what is true of scientific academies is also true for all constituent and legislative assemblies, but have left the universal suffrage. This can renew your membership, is true, but that does not stop is formed in a few years a body of politicians, privileged in fact or in law, and that, devoted exclusively to public affairs of a country, just form a sort of aristocracy or political oligarchy. See if the United States and Switzerland.
Therefore, no foreign law and domestic law, because otherwise one is inseparable from the other, and both tend to the subjugation of society and the brutalization of the legislators themselves.
Does it follow from this that I reject all authority? Away from me that thought. When it comes to shoes, I prefer the authority of the shoe, if it is a house, a canal or railway, consult the architect or engineer. For this or other special science I go to this or that scholar. But I am to be imposed on me or the shoemaker, nor the architect nor the savant. I listen to them freely and with all respect due to their intelligence, their character, their knowledge, but I reserve my incontestable right of criticism and control. I am not satisfied with a single authority to consult a specialist, I consult several; compare their opinions and choose what seems to me fairer. But I do not recognize infallible authority, even in special issues, therefore, despite the respect I may have for the honesty and sincerity of this or that individual, I have absolute faith in anyone. Such faith would be fatal to my reason, liberty and the very success of my business, I immediately transformed into a stupid slave, an instrument of the will and interests of others.
If I bow to the authority of the specialists if I declare myself ready to go, to a certain extent for as long as I think necessary, their indications and even its direction, because that authority is not imposed on me by anyone, not by men or God. Otherwise reject it with honor and send the devil his advice, direction and science, sure I would pay with the loss of my freedom and my dignity fragments of human truth, wrapped in a lot of lies that could give me.
I bow to the authority of special men because I am compelled by reason itself. I have conscience can not cover in detail and its positive unfoldments only a small part of human science. The greatest intelligence would not cover everything. Hence it is to science as well as for industry, the necessity of the division and association of labor. I receive and give, this is human life. Each one is an authority leader and each is addressed in turn. Therefore there is no fixed and constant authority, but a continuous change of authority and mutual subordination, transient and mostly voluntary.
This same reason forbids me, then, owning a fixed, constant and universal, because there is no universal man, a man who is able to cover with this wealth of detail (without which the application of science to life is not possible), all sciences, all branches social life. And if such universality could be accomplished in a single man, wanted to take advantage of it to impose its authority, would be expelled this man from society, because his authority would inevitably reduce all others to slavery and imbecility. I do not think that society ought to maltreat men of genius as it has done so far. But I do not need to fatten them too, and especially grant exclusive privileges or rights of any species, and this for three reasons: first, because often happen that would take a charlatan for a man of genius, then, because this system of privilege, could transform into a charlatan, a man of genius, demoralize and brutalize and, finally, because it would give himself a despot. Resumo
. We recognize, therefore, the absolute authority of science, because science has no other object that the mental reproduction, thoughtful and systematic everything possible, from natural laws inherent in life both material and moral intellectual and physical world and the social world, these worlds are not really more than one and the same natural world. Out of that authority, the only legitimate one, because it is rational and is subject to human nature, we declare that all others are liars, arbitrary, despotic and deadly.
recognize the absolute authority of science, but we reject the infallibility and universality of the representatives of science. In our church, allow me to serve such a moment of expression which, moreover, hate, church and state my two black beasts, "in our church, as in the Protestant church, we have a chief, an invisible Christ, science and as Protestants, the Protestants still consistent, do not want to suffer or popes or councils, or conclaves of cardinals infallible, nor bishops, nor even priests, our Christ is distinguished from the Protestant and Christian Christ that the latter is a personal being, and ours is impersonal, the Christian Christ, already made in eternity past, is presented as a perfect , while the completion and perfection of our Christ, science, are always in the future, which is equivalent to saying that there never will be made. Not recognizing the absolute authority of science rather than absolute, not commit any time our freedom.
understand by the words "absolute science," the only truly universal ideally reproduce the universe in its entirety and in all its infinite details, system or coordination of all natural laws that are manifested in the continuing development of the worlds. It is evident that this science, the sublime object of all efforts of the human spirit will not be made in its fullness never absolute. Our Christ will therefore be eternally unfinished, which should reduce a lot of pride in their patented tives among us. Against that God the Son, in whose name it would claim to impose insolent and pedantic authority, we will appeal to the God father, who is the real world, real life of which He is just too imperfect an expression of who we are the immediate representatives , the real people who live, work, fight, love, sucks, enjoy and suffer.
But while rejecting the absolute authority, universal and infallible men of science, we willingly bow before the respectable authority, but on very fleeting, very restricted, representatives of special sciences, not demanding anything better to consult each case and very grateful for the precious indications that want us, provided they want to receive from us about things and sometimes when we are wiser than they, and in general, we ask nothing better than to see men endowed with a great knowledge, great experience, a great spirit and great heart in particular, exert an influence on us natural and legitimate, freely accepted, and never imposed in the name of any official authority whatsoever, terrestrial or celestial. We accept all natural authorities and all influences of fact, no law, for any authority or any influence of law and as such officially imposed, to soon become an oppression and a lie, we inevitably impose, as I demonstrated haberío enough, slavery and absurdity.
In short, we reject all legislation, all authority and influence all privileged, proprietary and legal officers, but out of universal suffrage, convinced that it may act only for the benefit of a dominant minority and operates against the interests of the vast majority submitted. Here
in what sense we are really Anarchists.
The modern idealists understand authority in a completely different way. Although free of the traditional superstitions of all religions as existing, associated, however, this idea of \u200b\u200bdivine authority in a sense, absolute. This authority is not of a truth miraculously revealed, nor that of a truth rigorously and scientifically demonstrated. It is based on some quasi-philosophical argument, and very vaguely religious faith, on a lot of feeling great, abstractly poetic. Their religion is like a final test of what constitutes deification humanity in men. That is the opposite of the work we do. In view of human freedom, human dignity and human prosperity, we must remove the sky goods stolen from the earth to return to earth, while striving to make a new religiously heroic larceny, they want On the contrary, return back to heaven, that divine robber unmasked today-last turn to coat the daring wickedness and scientific analysis of free-thinkers, "all that mankind has the largest, most beautiful, more noble.
I think, no doubt, that, to enjoy greater authority among men, ideas and human affairs should be vested with a divine sanction. How is announced that penalty? Not by a miracle or positive religions, but by the greatness or the holiness of the ideas and the things that is great, what is beautiful, what is noble, whatever is right, is reputed divine . In this new religious cult every man who is inspired by these ideas, in these things, becomes a priest, immediately consecrated by God Himself. What proof? It is the very greatness of the ideas expressed, and the things you do: no need for another. They are so holy that may have been inspired not only by God.
That is, in short, his whole philosophy, philosophy feelings, not of real thoughts, a kind and metaphysical pietism. This seems innocent, but it is not, and the doctrine very precise, very narrow and very dry which is hidden under the intangible wave of these poetic forms leads to the same disastrous results that all positive religions, ie, denial fuller freedom and dignity.
proclaim as divine all that is great, just, noble and beautiful in humanity is recognized, implicitly, that humanity would have been unable to produce itself, which is to say that left to itself nature is miserable, iniquitous, vile and ugly. Here we are returned to the essence of all religion, ie, the vilification of humanity for the greater glory of divinity. And from the moment they are admitted to the natural inferiority of man and his profound inability to lift itself out of any divine inspiration, to the just and true ideas, it is necessary to admit also all the consequences of ideological, political, social and religions positive. From the moment that God, being perfect and supreme turns against humanity, divine intermediaries, the elect, the inspired of God come to earth to enlighten, guide and govern in their name to the human species human species.
Could not believe that all men are equally inspired by God? Then there would be no need for intermediaries, no doubt. But this assumption is impossible, because it is too contradicted by the facts. Would need to then attribute to divine inspiration all the absurdities and errors that occur, and all the horrors, the clumsiness, cowardice and foolishness committed in the human world. Accordingly, nothing in this world that few men divinely inspired. These are the great men of history, the virtuous geniuses as the illustrious Italian citizen and prophet, Giuseppe Mazzini. Immediately inspired by God and based on universal consent expressed by popular suffrage and Popo-Dio-, are called to govern human society.
Here we are again in the church and the state. It is true that in this new organization, established, as all the old political organizations, by the grace of God, but supported this time, at least in form, by way of a necessary concession to the modern spirit, and as in the preambles of imperial decree of Napoleon III, on the will (fictional) town, the church will not be called as church, school will be called. But on the banks of the campus does not sit only children: is the eternal child, the school recognized forever incapable of having their exams, to rise to the science teachers and to dispense with their discipline: the people. The State will not be called as monarchy, republic called, but it will still be state, ie relarmente official guardianship established by a minority of competent men, men of genius or talent, virtuous, to monitor and guide the conduct of that great incorrigible and enfant terrible: the People. School teachers and government officials will be Republican, but why not be less tutors, shepherds, and the people will remain what it has been ever so far: a herd. Beware therefore with the shearers, for where there is a herd, there will necessarily also shearers and profiteers of the flock.
The people in that system, will be the school and pupil eternal. Although entirely fictitious sovereignty, continue to serve as a tool to thoughts, desires and therefore also to the interests that will not be yours. Between this situation and we call freedom, true freedom, but a chasm. There will, under new forms, the old oppression and the old slavery, where slavery exists are the misery, the stultifying, the true realization of society, both the privileged classes and the masses.
Al deify human things the idealists always come to the triumph of a brutal materialism. And this for a reason simple: the divine evaporates and rises to his homeland, the heaven and the earth is only so brutal.
If idealism in theory is a necessary consequence most brutal materialism in practice or, indeed, for those who preach in good faith, the result is ordinary to see them attacked, sterility all their efforts, but for those who strive to make their precepts in life, for the whole society, while it leaves dominated by idealistic doctrines.
To demonstrate this general fact may seem strange at first, but that is explained when we reflect more generally, no shortage of historical evidence.
Compare the last two ancient world civilizations, the Greek civilization and Roman civilization. What is the most materialistic civilization, the most natural point of departure and the most humane and ideal in its results? Greek civilization.
What is on the contrary, more abstractly ideal in its point of departure that sacrifices freedom of man material ideal freedom of citizens, represented by the abstraction of legal right, and the natural development of society to the abstraction of State and what is the most brutal in its consequences. The Roman civilization, no doubt. Greek civilization, like all ancient civilizations, including that of Rome, has been purely national basis and has been for slavery. But despite these two great historical faults, has designed and conducted under the idea of \u200b\u200bhumanity, and actually ennobled and idealized the life of men has transformed human herds into free associations of free men, has created the science arts, poetry, philosophy and the first notions immortal human respect for freedom. With the political and social freedom has created free thought. And at the end of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, it was enough that some Greek emigrants bring some of his books immortal resurrected Italy to life, freedom, thought, humanity, buried in the dark dungeon of Catholicism. Human emancipation, that is the name of Greek civilization. And the name of the Roman civilization? Is conquest, with all its brutal consequences. And your last word? The omnipotence of the Caesars. It is the debasement and enslavement of nations and of men.
And even today, what is it that kills, what crushes brutally, materially, in all European countries, freedom and humanity? It is the triumph of the Caesarian or Roman principle.
Compare now two modern civilization: the civilization Italian and German civilization. The first is, undoubtedly, as the general, materialism, and the second represents the contrary, all that is most abstract, most pure and transcendent idealism. Let's see what are the practical fruits of them both.
Italy has already rendered immense services to the cause of human emancipation. It was the first who raised and widely applied the principle of freedom in Europe, which gave humanity its titles of nobility: industry, trade, poetry, art, positive science, free thinking. Crushed after three centuries of imperial despotism and potatoes, and dragged through the mud by his ruling bourgeoisie appears today, is indeed very listless compared with what it has been. And yet, what a difference when compared with Germany! In Italy, despite this decline, we expect passenger, you can live and breathe humanly, freely, surrounded by people who seem to have been born for freedom. Italy-even the bourgeoisie can proudly show men as Mazzini and Garibaldi. In Germany one breathes the atmosphere of an immense political and social slavery, philosophically explained and accepted by a great people with a resignation and a willingness reflective. His heroes-speak always of present Germany, not the Germany of the future, of the German nobility, bureaucrats, politicians and bourgeois, not proletarian Germany are anything but Mazzini and Garibaldi are now William I, the ferocious and ingenuous representative of the Protestant God, are Mr. Bismarck and Moltke, Generals Manteufel Werder. In all their international relations from Germany there has been slowly, systematically invading, conquering, has always been willing to extend over the neighboring towns their own voluntary submission, and after it has become unitary power became a threat , a danger to freedom in Europe. The name of Germany today is servility brutal and triumphant.
To show how theoretical idealism incessantly and fatally transformed into practical materialism, there is no better than quote the example of all Christian churches, and naturally, and above all, of the Apostolic and Roman Church. What more sublime, in the ideal sense, more disinterested, more separate from all the interests of this earth that the doctrine of Christ preached by the church, and what's more brutally materialistic than the constant practice of the same Church since the eighth century, when initially established as a power? What has been and what is still the main object of all litigation against the rulers of Europe? Temporal goods, the revenues of the church first, then the temporal power, the political privileges of the church. It must do justice to that church has been the first to discover in modern history truism, but very un-Christian, that wealth and economic power and political oppression of the masses are the two terms are inseparable from the realm of divine ideality on earth: wealth to consolidate and increase the power always discover and create new sources of wealth, both to ensure better than the martyrdom and faith of the apostles, and better than divine grace, the success of Christian propaganda. It is a historical truth that Protestant churches do not know either. I speak of course of the independent churches of England, U.S. and Switzerland, not the subject of German churches. These are not his own initiative; do what their masters, their temporal sovereigns, who are both spiritual leaders, ordering them to do. It is known that the Protestant propaganda, that of England and the United States particularly, relates closely to a propaganda material interests, trade, these two great nations, and we also know that this latest propaganda is not intended in any way the enrichment and material prosperity of the countries entering, accompanied by the word of God, but rather the exploitation of those countries, in view of enhancing and growing material prosperity of certain classes highly exploitative and very pious at the same time, in their own country.
In short, it is difficult to prove, history in hand, the church, all churches, Christian and non Christian spiritualist with his propaganda, and probably to accelerate and consolidate their success, have never neglected organization of large companies to the economic exploitation of the masses, the work of the masses under the direct protection and special blessing of a deity either, that all States, in its origin, as is known, there have been, all political and legal institutions and their dominant and privileged classes, no more than temporary branches of those churches have also had major concerns over that the same operation for the benefit of minorities lay indirectly legitimized by the church, and that in general the action of the good God and all God's ideals on earth has ended forever and everywhere, in founding the prosperous materialism the small number of fanatical idealism constantly excited the masses.
What we see today is a new test. With the exception of those great hearts and great minds lost those I have named, who are now the fiercest defenders of idealism? First of all the sovereign courts. In France were Napoleon III and his wife Eugenia, are all ministers of the past, courtiers and ex-marshals, from Rouher and Bazaine to Fleury and Pietri, are the men and women of the imperial world, they also have idealized and saved France. Are these journalists and those wise: the Cassagnac, the Girardin, the Duvemois, the Veuillot, the Leverrier, of Dumas. It is finally the black phalanx of Jesuits and tunic all it is all the nobility and the entire upper and middle bourgeoisie of France. They are doctrinaire liberals and liberals without doctrine: the Guizot, Thiers, the Jules Favre, the Jules Simon, all fierce defenders of bourgeois exploitation. In Prussia, in Germany, William I, the true current demonstrator good God on the earth are all generals, all his officers Pomeranians and other all his army, strong in his religious faith, just conquered France in the ideal manner known. In Russia the Tsar and his court, are Muravief and Berg, all pious converters cutthroats and Poland. Everywhere, in short, idealism, religious or philosophical one but not more or less free translation of the other, "serves as a flag to the bloody and brutal force, the blatant exploitation material, while at Otherwise, the flag of theoretical materialism, the red flag of economic equality and social justice, has been raised by the practical idealism of the oppressed and hungry, they tend to perform more greater freedom and human rights of everyone in the brotherhood of all men on earth.
Who are the true idealists, not idealistic abstraction, but of life, not of heaven but on earth, and who are the materialists? Clearly
theoretical or divine idealism is the sacrifice of essential logic of human reason, the renunciation of science. It is, moreover, that in defending the doctrines of an idealist is necessarily drawn to match the oppressors and exploiters of the masses. Here are two big reasons that seemed sufficient to ward off duty every great spirit of idealism, every great heart. How is it that our illustrious contemporary idealists, who certainly is not the spirit or the heart, or what they lack good will, and who have devoted their entire existence in the service of humanity, how it is bent on remain in the ranks of the representatives of a doctrine henceforth condemned and disgraced?
They need to be driven to it by a very powerful reason. They can be neither logic nor science, because science and logic have pronounced their verdict against the idealistic doctrine. There can be no personal interests, because those men infinitely above everything that has a name of interest. It should be a powerful moral reason. What? No more one-those illustrious men think, without doubt, that idealistic theories or beliefs are essentially necessary for the dignity and moral greatness of man, and that materialistic theories, on the contrary, I stoop to the level of animals .
What if the truth was the opposite?
All development, I have said, implies the denial of the starting point. The point of departure, as the materialistic school, is material, and denial must necessarily be ideal. Based on the totality of the real world, or what is called an abstract matter, it logically arrives at the real idealization, ie, humanization, a full and complete emancipation of society. On the contrary, and for the same reason, ideal starting point for the idealistic school, that school comes inevitably to the realization of society, the organization of a brutal despotism and an iniquitous and ignoble exploitation, under the form of church and state. The historical development of man as the materialistic school, is a gradual ascent, in the ideal system, there can be a continuous fall.
In any human question you want considered, there is always the same essential contradiction between the two schools. Therefore, as I pointed out already, the materialism of the animal to constitute humanity idealism of the divinity to be slavery and condemn the masses for a bestiality end. Materialism denies free will and comes to the constitution of liberty, of idealism, on behalf of human dignity, proclaims freedom of choice and on the ruins of every liberty founds authority. Materialism rejects the principle of authority because he believes, rightly, as the corollary of animality, and, on the contrary, the triumph of humanity, which he said is the purpose and thrust of the story, it is more feasible that freedom. In a word, in any matter will find the idealists in the act always materialism practical, while, conversely, will see the materialists pursuing and realizing the aspirations, ideals widely thoughts.
History in the system of the idealists, I have said, can not be more than a continuous fall. They start with a terrible fall, which does not ever get back up: by the somersault divine sublime regions of pure idea, absolutely, to matter. Observed even in what subject: not a matter eternally active and mobile, full of properties and forces of life and intelligence, as presented to us in the real world but in the abstract field, impoverished, reduced to penury absolute rule by the looting of those Prussians thinking, ie, those theologians and metaphysicians that desproveyeron give everything to their emperor, to his God in this matter which, deprived of all property of every action and every movement of its own, no longer represents, in opposition to the divine idea, rather than stupidity, impenetrability, inertia and immobility.
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What is anarchy?
The word 'anarchy' (from Greek an-archos, ruled by anyone) is to define social chaos menudousada, unconstitutional government, or domination porrivalidad gang. Definitely not the anarchists who advocate Lausen así.Los anarchists anarchy in the sense that nadie.El nobody is eljefe of anarchism comes from the belief that the purpose of the company increase individual opportunities. Totalmenteaislado For an individual, the choice would be, or do what is necessary to permanecercon life or death. In a healthy society, each individual makes use of other models, and freedom of choice is incrementada.Toda voluntary cooperation is healthy in the sense of fulfilling elpropósito of society. The organization is healthy, as long as Singingpower do what he wants, and not forced by other organizations who do not want doanything. Leadership is healthy as long as sealiderazgo innovate in the sense that others freely copied and no'liderazgo ' as a euphemism for being the jefe.Las unhealthy social institutions are those which go against society elpropósito, forcing some people to act against suvoluntad. Anarchists are opposed to any kind of coercive institution, including states, armies, slavery, wage system, prisons, gunmen, nuclear bombs, money, patriarchy, matriarchy, theocracy, and governments revolucionarios.Claro that no one expects a change from world of government to a government mundosin overnight. There should be a period of transition and that transition period is now. Preocuparnospor need yet would face problems as a society free from coercion. Esobvio that the society in which we live is more coercive than necessary, then let's do a little less coercive than otherwise sería.Hay those who seek to have the same view that the anarchists, who asked to be in positions of power to accelerate the transition. Esosson impostors. No coercion can be undone through coerción.El anarchism opposes the leaders and governments of any kind.
Monday, January 3, 2005
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I am convinced that men are born free, all. Likewise I am convinced that freedom is the only thing we have at birth and what they have possessed all men throughout history the world. Then came the ambition and force that moves men to want to own, the lives of others, freedom of these and then move it at will, using it plows its profits. Llamnse leaders, managers, presidents, kings, dictators or whatever. The entities that undermine human freedom, undermine the very essence of humanity. This is a blog to discuss a sitema more equal, more dignified and respected man's free status. This is a blog about the fun: The True Order.
"Exercising power corrupts, degrades submit to the power"
-BAKUNIN
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